IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/energy/v243y2022ics0360544221033235.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Exploring the potential of water injection (WI) in a high-load diesel engine under different fuel injection strategies

Author

Listed:
  • Chen, Zaiwang
  • Cai, Yikang
  • Xu, Guangfu
  • Duan, Huiquan
  • Jia, Ming

Abstract

Water injection (WI) is a promising technology in diesel engines. However, the joint effects of WI and fuel injection strategy have not been investigated well. Furthermore, the comparison between WI and exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) requires further clarification. This study aims to identify the optimal way of WI and its benefits for a high-load diesel engine operated with various fuel injection strategies. Therefore, four schemes, i.e., diesel single injection strategy with/without WI and diesel double injection strategy with/without WI, were optimized by employing numerical simulation. The optimal water injection timing for single injection strategy is near −108°CA ATDC, while it is 8–20°CA before the first diesel injection for double injection strategy. Water mass is the most decisive parameter, and the optimal water masses are 10%–35% and 29%–51% of the fuel mass, respectively. When WI is employed alone without introducing EGR, NOx can be reduced by 30% and 90% respectively. Compared with EGR, the main superiority of WI is reduced NOx emissions without sacrificing fuel economy until the water mass reaches 50% of the fuel mass. For single injection strategy, the cooling effect of WI is the dominant factor, while for double injection strategy, the dilution effect becomes prominent.

Suggested Citation

  • Chen, Zaiwang & Cai, Yikang & Xu, Guangfu & Duan, Huiquan & Jia, Ming, 2022. "Exploring the potential of water injection (WI) in a high-load diesel engine under different fuel injection strategies," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 243(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:243:y:2022:i:c:s0360544221033235
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2021.123074
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360544221033235
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.energy.2021.123074?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Serrano, J. & Jiménez-Espadafor, F.J. & López, A., 2019. "Analysis of the effect of different hydrogen/diesel ratios on the performance and emissions of a modified compression ignition engine under dual-fuel mode with water injection. Hydrogen-diesel dual-fu," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 172(C), pages 702-711.
    2. Tauzia, Xavier & Maiboom, Alain & Shah, Samiur Rahman, 2010. "Experimental study of inlet manifold water injection on combustion and emissions of an automotive direct injection Diesel engine," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 35(9), pages 3628-3639.
    3. Serrano, J. & Jiménez-Espadafor, F.J. & López, A., 2019. "Analysis of the effect of the hydrogen as main fuel on the performance of a modified compression ignition engine with water injection," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 173(C), pages 911-925.
    4. Knecht, Walter, 2008. "Diesel engine development in view of reduced emission standards," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 33(2), pages 264-271.
    5. Albayrak Çeper, Bilge & Yıldız, Melih & Akansu, S. Orhan & Kahraman, Nafiz, 2017. "Performance and emission characteristics of an IC engine under SI, SI-CAI and CAI combustion modes," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 136(C), pages 72-79.
    6. Kannan, G.R. & Anand, R., 2011. "Experimental investigation on diesel engine with diestrol–water micro emulsions," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 36(3), pages 1680-1687.
    7. Li, Yaopeng & Jia, Ming & Chang, Yachao & Liu, Yaodong & Xie, Maozhao & Wang, Tianyou & Zhou, Lei, 2014. "Parametric study and optimization of a RCCI (reactivity controlled compression ignition) engine fueled with methanol and diesel," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 65(C), pages 319-332.
    8. Ahari, Mehrdad Farajzadeh & Neshat, Elaheh, 2019. "Advanced analysis of various effects of water on natural gas HCCI combustion, emissions and chemical procedure using artificial inert species," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 171(C), pages 842-852.
    9. Seifi, Mohammad Reza & Desideri, Umberto & Ghorbani, Zahra & Antonelli, Marco & Frigo, Stefano & Hassan-Beygi, Seyed Reza & Ghobadian, Barat, 2019. "Statistical evaluation of the effect of water percentage in water-diesel emulsion on the engine performance and exhaust emission parameters," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 180(C), pages 797-806.
    10. Serrano, J. & Jiménez-Espadafor, F.J. & Lora, A. & Modesto-López, L. & Gañán-Calvo, A. & López-Serrano, J., 2019. "Experimental analysis of NOx reduction through water addition and comparison with exhaust gas recycling," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 168(C), pages 737-752.
    11. Aghbashlo, Mortaza & Tabatabaei, Meisam & Khalife, Esmail & Roodbar Shojaei, Taha & Dadak, Ali, 2018. "Exergoeconomic analysis of a DI diesel engine fueled with diesel/biodiesel (B5) emulsions containing aqueous nano cerium oxide," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 149(C), pages 967-978.
    12. Dhahad, Hayder A. & Chaichan, Miqdam T. & Megaritis, T., 2019. "Performance, regulated and unregulated exhaust emission of a stationary compression ignition engine fueled by water-ULSD emulsion," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 181(C), pages 1036-1050.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Xu, Guangfu & Duan, Huiquan & Cai, Yikang & Li, Yaopeng & Jia, Ming, 2023. "Potential of the reverse-reactivity controlled compression ignition (R-RCCI) combustion for maintaining ultra-low emissions and enhanced thermal efficiency," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 280(C).
    2. Li, Yaopeng & Li, Hua & Pang, Bin & Liu, Fei & Jia, Ming & Long, Wuqiang & Tian, Jiangping & Guo, Lijun, 2023. "Co-optimization of injection parameters and injector layouts for a methanol/diesel direct dual-fuel stratification (DDFS) engine," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 284(C).
    3. Serrano, José Ramón & Martín, Jaime & Piqueras, Pedro & Tabet, Roberto & Gómez, Javier, 2023. "Effect of natural and forced charge air humidity on the performance and emissions of a compression-ignition engine operating at high warm altitude," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 266(C).

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Hosseini, Seyyed Hassan & Rastegari, Hajar & Aghbashlo, Mortaza & Hajiahmad, Ali & Hosseinzadeh-Bandbafha, Homa & Mohammadi, Pouya & Jamal Sisi, Abdollah & Khalife, Esmail & Lam, Su Shiung & Pan, Junt, 2022. "Effects of metal-organic framework nanoparticles on the combustion, performance, and emission characteristics of a diesel engine," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 260(C).
    2. Naderi, Alireza & Qasemian, Ali & Shojaeefard, Mohammad Hasan & Samiezadeh, Saman & Younesi, Mostafa & Sohani, Ali & Hoseinzadeh, Siamak, 2021. "A smart load-speed sensitive cooling map to have a high- performance thermal management system in an internal combustion engine," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 229(C).
    3. Kumar, Himansh & Sarma, A.K. & Kumar, Pramod, 2020. "A comprehensive review on preparation, characterization, and combustion characteristics of microemulsion based hybrid biofuels," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 117(C).
    4. Serrano, J. & Jiménez-Espadafor, F.J. & Lora, A. & Modesto-López, L. & Gañán-Calvo, A. & López-Serrano, J., 2019. "Experimental analysis of NOx reduction through water addition and comparison with exhaust gas recycling," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 168(C), pages 737-752.
    5. Zhu, Mingming & Ma, Yu & Zhang, Dongke, 2011. "An experimental study of the effect of a homogeneous combustion catalyst on fuel consumption and smoke emission in a diesel engine," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 36(10), pages 6004-6009.
    6. Palash, S.M. & Kalam, M.A. & Masjuki, H.H. & Masum, B.M. & Rizwanul Fattah, I.M. & Mofijur, M., 2013. "Impacts of biodiesel combustion on NOx emissions and their reduction approaches," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 23(C), pages 473-490.
    7. Aqian Li & Zhaolei Zheng, 2020. "Effect of Spark Ignition Timing and Water Injection Temperature on the Knock Combustion of a GDI Engine," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(18), pages 1-24, September.
    8. Gowrishankar, Sudarshan & Krishnasamy, Anand, 2023. "Emulsification – A promising approach to improve performance and reduce exhaust emissions of a biodiesel fuelled light-duty diesel engine," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 263(PC).
    9. Mahantesh Marikatti & N. R. Banapurmath & V. S. Yaliwal & Y.H. Basavarajappa & Manzoore Elahi M Soudagar & Fausto Pedro García Márquez & MA Mujtaba & H. Fayaz & Bharat Naik & T.M. Yunus Khan & Asif Af, 2020. "Hydrogen Injection in a Dual Fuel Engine Fueled with Low-Pressure Injection of Methyl Ester of Thevetia Peruviana (METP) for Diesel Engine Maintenance Application," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(21), pages 1-27, October.
    10. Arnal, C. & Alzueta, M.U. & Millera, A. & Bilbao, R., 2012. "Influence of water vapor addition on soot oxidation at high temperature," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 43(1), pages 55-63.
    11. Adnan, R. & Masjuki, H.H. & Mahlia, T.M.I., 2012. "Performance and emission analysis of hydrogen fueled compression ignition engine with variable water injection timing," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 43(1), pages 416-426.
    12. Tsuneyoshi, Koji & Yamamoto, Kazuhiro, 2012. "A study on the cell structure and the performances of wall-flow diesel particulate filter," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 48(1), pages 492-499.
    13. Mohd Tamam, Mohamad Qayyum & Yahya, Wira Jazair & Ithnin, Ahmad Muhsin & Abdullah, Nik Rosli & Kadir, Hasannuddin Abdul & Rahman, Md Mujibur & Rahman, Hasbullah Abdul & Abu Mansor, Mohd Radzi & Noge, , 2023. "Performance and emission studies of a common rail turbocharged diesel electric generator fueled with emulsifier free water/diesel emulsion," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 268(C).
    14. Tarafdar, Anirban & Majumder, P. & Deb, Madhujit & Bera, U.K., 2023. "Application of a q-rung orthopair hesitant fuzzy aggregated Type-3 fuzzy logic in the characterization of performance-emission profile of a single cylinder CI-engine operating with hydrogen in dual fu," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 269(C).
    15. Vallinayagam, R. & Vedharaj, S. & Yang, W.M. & Lee, P.S. & Chua, K.J.E. & Chou, S.K., 2013. "Combustion performance and emission characteristics study of pine oil in a diesel engine," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 57(C), pages 344-351.
    16. Chintala, V. & Subramanian, K.A., 2015. "Experimental investigations on effect of different compression ratios on enhancement of maximum hydrogen energy share in a compression ignition engine under dual-fuel mode," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 87(C), pages 448-462.
    17. Masurier, J.-B. & Foucher, F. & Dayma, G. & Dagaut, P., 2015. "Ozone applied to the homogeneous charge compression ignition engine to control alcohol fuels combustion," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 160(C), pages 566-580.
    18. Bodisco, Timothy & Brown, Richard J., 2013. "Inter-cycle variability of in-cylinder pressure parameters in an ethanol fumigated common rail diesel engine," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 52(C), pages 55-65.
    19. Wong, Ka In & Wong, Pak Kin & Cheung, Chun Shun & Vong, Chi Man, 2013. "Modeling and optimization of biodiesel engine performance using advanced machine learning methods," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 55(C), pages 519-528.
    20. Asmat Ullah Khan & Lizhen Huang, 2023. "Toward Zero Emission Construction: A Comparative Life Cycle Impact Assessment of Diesel, Hybrid, and Electric Excavators," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(16), pages 1-18, August.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:243:y:2022:i:c:s0360544221033235. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/energy .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.