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Survey of solar desalination systems and system selection

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  • Kalogirou, Soteris

Abstract

The most common sea water desalination systems available today are described. These are divided into two broad categories, namely, direct and indirect collection systems. In the former, solar energy is absorbed and used in the same piece of equipment whereas in the latter, two separate sub-systems are used, one for solar energy conversion and one for desalination. Various systems are analysed with respect to their primary energy consumption, sea water treatment requirement, cost, and suitability for solar energy utilisation. Of the various types of processes that are analysed, the multiple-effect boiling (MEB) system and, in particular, the multiple-effect stack (MES) type evaporator, is the most suitable for solar energy utilisation since it can be used under varying energy supplies without upset. In addition, this system has a low specific energy requirement, low equipment cost and also requires the simplest sea water treatment.

Suggested Citation

  • Kalogirou, Soteris, 1997. "Survey of solar desalination systems and system selection," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 22(1), pages 69-81.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:22:y:1997:i:1:p:69-81
    DOI: 10.1016/S0360-5442(96)00100-4
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    1. Ahmed, M.I. & Hrairi, M. & Ismail, A.F., 2009. "On the characteristics of multistage evacuated solar distillation," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 34(6), pages 1471-1478.
    2. Hongfei, Zheng & Xinshi, Ge, 2002. "Steady-state experimental study of a closed recycle solar still with enhanced falling film evaporation and regeneration," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 26(2), pages 295-308.
    3. Saleh, A. & Qudeiri, J.A. & Al-Nimr, M.A., 2011. "Performance investigation of a salt gradient solar pond coupled with desalination facility near the Dead Sea," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 36(2), pages 922-931.
    4. El-Bahi, A. & Inan, D., 1999. "Analysis of a parallel double glass solar still with separate condenser," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 17(4), pages 509-521.
    5. Gude, Veera Gnaneswar, 2015. "Energy storage for desalination processes powered by renewable energy and waste heat sources," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 137(C), pages 877-898.
    6. Gude, Veera Gnaneswar & Nirmalakhandan, Nagamany & Deng, Shuguang, 2011. "Desalination using solar energy: Towards sustainability," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 36(1), pages 78-85.
    7. Ghaithan, Ahmed M. & Al-Hanbali, Ahmad & Mohammed, Awsan & Attia, Ahmed M. & Saleh, Haitham & Alsawafy, Omar, 2021. "Optimization of a solar-wind- grid powered desalination system in Saudi Arabia," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 178(C), pages 295-306.
    8. Mohamed, A.S.A. & Shahdy, Abanob G. & Mohamed, Hany A. & Ahmed, M. Salem, 2023. "A comprehensive review of the vacuum solar still systems," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 184(C).
    9. Huang, Jian & He, Yurong & Hu, Yanwei & Wang, Xinzhi, 2018. "Steam generation enabled by a high efficiency solar absorber with thermal concentration," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 165(PB), pages 1282-1291.
    10. Prado de Nicolás, Amanda & Molina-García, Ángel & García-Bermejo, Juan Tomás & Vera-García, Francisco, 2023. "Desalination, minimal and zero liquid discharge powered by renewable energy sources: Current status and future perspectives," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 187(C).
    11. Seixas, M. & Melício, R. & Mendes, V.M.F., 2014. "Offshore wind turbine simulation: Multibody drive train. Back-to-back NPC (neutral point clamped) converters. Fractional-order control," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 69(C), pages 357-369.
    12. M, Chandrashekara & Yadav, Avadhesh, 2017. "Water desalination system using solar heat: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 67(C), pages 1308-1330.
    13. Gorjian, Shiva & Ghobadian, Barat, 2015. "Solar desalination: A sustainable solution to water crisis in Iran," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 48(C), pages 571-584.
    14. Clément Lacroix & Maxime Perier-Muzet & Driss Stitou, 2019. "Dynamic Modeling and Preliminary Performance Analysis of a New Solar Thermal Reverse Osmosis Desalination Process," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(20), pages 1-32, October.
    15. Gude, Veera Gnaneswar & Nirmalakhandan, Nagamany & Deng, Shuguang, 2010. "Renewable and sustainable approaches for desalination," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 14(9), pages 2641-2654, December.
    16. Hoffmann, J.E. & Dall, E.P., 2018. "Integrating desalination with concentrating solar thermal power: A Namibian case study," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 115(C), pages 423-432.
    17. Palenzuela, Patricia & Zaragoza, Guillermo & Alarcón-Padilla, Diego-César, 2015. "Characterisation of the coupling of multi-effect distillation plants to concentrating solar power plants," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 82(C), pages 986-995.
    18. Li, Chennan & Goswami, Yogi & Stefanakos, Elias, 2013. "Solar assisted sea water desalination: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 19(C), pages 136-163.
    19. Deng, Runya & Xie, Lixin & Lin, Hu & Liu, Jie & Han, Wei, 2010. "Integration of thermal energy and seawater desalination," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 35(11), pages 4368-4374.
    20. Madhlopa, A. & Johnstone, C., 2009. "Numerical study of a passive solar still with separate condenser," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 34(7), pages 1668-1677.
    21. Mohammad Hemmat Esfe & Vahid Vaisi & Seyed Hosseini Tamrabad & Hossein Hatami & Davood Toghraie & Roozbeh Moshfeghi & Saeed Esfandeh, 2024. "A comprehensive review of the effective environmental parameters on the efficiency and suitable site selection for installing solar based water desalination systems in Iran," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 26(11), pages 28893-28921, November.
    22. Baccioli, A. & Antonelli, M. & Desideri, U. & Grossi, A., 2018. "Thermodynamic and economic analysis of the integration of Organic Rankine Cycle and Multi-Effect Distillation in waste-heat recovery applications," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 161(C), pages 456-469.

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