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Regional production and utilization of biomass in Sweden

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  • Börjesson, Pål
  • Gustavsson, Leif

Abstract

Regional production and utilization of biomass in Sweden is analysed, considering the potential of replacing fossil fuels and producing new electricity. Extensive utilization of biomass will decrease biomass-transportation distances. The average distance for biomass transportation to a large-scale conversion plant suitable for electricity or methanol production will be 30–42 km when the conversion plant is located in the centre of the biomass production area. The total energy efficiency of biomass production and transportation will be 95–97% and the emissions of air pollutants will be small. In areas where energy crops from agriculture constitute the main part of the biomass, the transportation distance will be two to three times shorter than in areas where logging residues from forestry dominate. When present Swedish fossil-fuel use for heat and electricity production is replaced, more than 75% of the biomass required can be produced locally within the county. The average transportation distance of the remaining part will be between 130 and 240 km, increasing the cost of this biomass by 15–20%. Increased use of biomass by 430 PJ/yr, the estimated potential for increased utilization of energy crops, logging residues and straw, will lead to an excess of about 200 PJ/yr biomass after fossil fuels for electricity and heat production have been replaced. This biomass could be used for methanol or electricity production. The production of biomass-based methanol will lead to a low demand for transportation, as the methanol produced from local biomass can mainly be used locally to replace petrol and diesel. If the biomass is used for electricity production, however, the need for transportation will increase if the electricity is cogenerated in district heating systems, as such systems are usually located in densely populated areas with a deficit of biomass. About 60% of the biomass used for cogenerated electricity must be transported, on average, 230 km. Changing transportation mode when transporting biomass over large distances, compared with short distances, however, will lead to rather low specific transportation costs and environmental impact, as well as high energy efficiency. Replacing fossil fuels with biomass for heat and electricity production is typically less costly and leads to a greater reduction in CO2 emission than substituting biomass for petrol and diesel used in vehicles. Also, cogeneration of electricity and heat is less costly and more energy efficient than separate electricity and heat production.

Suggested Citation

  • Börjesson, Pål & Gustavsson, Leif, 1996. "Regional production and utilization of biomass in Sweden," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 21(9), pages 747-764.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:21:y:1996:i:9:p:747-764
    DOI: 10.1016/0360-5442(96)00029-1
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    1. Johansson, Bengt, 1995. "Strategies for reducing emissions of air pollutants from the Swedish transportation sector," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 29(5), pages 371-385, September.
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    1. Gustavsson, Leif & Karlsson, Asa, 2002. "A system perspective on the heating of detached houses," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 30(7), pages 553-574, June.
    2. Sosa, Amanda & Acuna, Mauricio & McDonnell, Kevin & Devlin, Ger, 2015. "Controlling moisture content and truck configurations to model and optimise biomass supply chain logistics in Ireland," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 137(C), pages 338-351.
    3. Ivanov, Boyan & Stoyanov, Stoyan, 2016. "A mathematical model formulation for the design of an integrated biodiesel-petroleum diesel blends system," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 99(C), pages 221-236.
    4. Pettersson, Karin & Wetterlund, Elisabeth & Athanassiadis, Dimitris & Lundmark, Robert & Ehn, Christian & Lundgren, Joakim & Berglin, Niklas, 2015. "Integration of next-generation biofuel production in the Swedish forest industry – A geographically explicit approach," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 154(C), pages 317-332.
    5. Leduc, S. & Starfelt, F. & Dotzauer, E. & Kindermann, G. & McCallum, I. & Obersteiner, M. & Lundgren, J., 2010. "Optimal location of lignocellulosic ethanol refineries with polygeneration in Sweden," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 35(6), pages 2709-2716.
    6. Evgeniy Ganev & Boyan Ivanov & Natasha Vaklieva-Bancheva & Elisaveta Kirilova & Yunzile Dzhelil, 2021. "A Multi-Objective Approach toward Optimal Design of Sustainable Integrated Biodiesel/Diesel Supply Chain Based on First- and Second-Generation Feedstock with Solid Waste Use," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(8), pages 1-38, April.
    7. Kenneth Möllersten & Lin Gao & Jinyue Yan, 2006. "CO 2 Capture in Pulp and Paper Mills: CO 2 Balances and Preliminary Cost Assessment," Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, Springer, vol. 11(5), pages 1129-1150, September.
    8. Sylvia Haus & Lovisa Björnsson & Pål Börjesson, 2020. "Lignocellulosic Ethanol in a Greenhouse Gas Emission Reduction Obligation System—A Case Study of Swedish Sawdust Based-Ethanol Production," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(5), pages 1-15, February.
    9. Mesfun, Sennai & Sanchez, Daniel L. & Leduc, Sylvain & Wetterlund, Elisabeth & Lundgren, Joakim & Biberacher, Markus & Kraxner, Florian, 2017. "Power-to-gas and power-to-liquid for managing renewable electricity intermittency in the Alpine Region," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 107(C), pages 361-372.
    10. Robèrt, Markus & Hultén, Per & Frostell, Björn, 2007. "Biofuels in the energy transition beyond peak oil," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 32(11), pages 2089-2098.
    11. Flisberg, Patrik & Frisk, Mikael & Rönnqvist, Mikael & Guajardo, Mario, 2015. "Potential savings and cost allocations for forest fuel transportation in Sweden: A country-wide study," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 85(C), pages 353-365.
    12. Manzone, Marco & Calvo, Angela, 2017. "Woodchip transportation: Climatic and congestion influence on productivity, energy and CO2 emission of agricultural and industrial convoys," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 108(C), pages 250-259.
    13. Wetterlund, Elisabeth & Leduc, Sylvain & Dotzauer, Erik & Kindermann, Georg, 2012. "Optimal localisation of biofuel production on a European scale," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 41(1), pages 462-472.
    14. Möllersten, Kenneth & Gao, Lin & Yan, Jinyue & Obersteiner, Michael, 2004. "Efficient energy systems with CO2 capture and storage from renewable biomass in pulp and paper mills," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 29(9), pages 1583-1598.
    15. Miranda, Marie Lynn & Hale, Brack, 2001. "Protecting the forest from the trees: the social costs of energy production in Sweden," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 26(9), pages 869-889.
    16. Kraxner, Florian & Aoki, Kentaro & Leduc, Sylvain & Kindermann, Georg & Fuss, Sabine & Yang, Jue & Yamagata, Yoshiki & Tak, Kwang-Il & Obersteiner, Michael, 2014. "BECCS in South Korea—Analyzing the negative emissions potential of bioenergy as a mitigation tool," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 61(C), pages 102-108.
    17. Mikael Lantz & Thomas Prade & Serina Ahlgren & Lovisa Björnsson, 2018. "Biogas and Ethanol from Wheat Grain or Straw: Is There a Trade-Off between Climate Impact, Avoidance of iLUC and Production Cost?," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(10), pages 1-31, October.
    18. Kraxner, F. & Aoki, K. & Kindermann, G. & Leduc, S. & Albrecht, F. & Liu, J. & Yamagata, Y., 2016. "Bioenergy and the city – What can urban forests contribute?," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 165(C), pages 990-1003.
    19. Gustavsson, Leif & Borjesson, Pal, 1998. "CO2 mitigation cost: Bioenergy systems and natural gas systems with decarbonization," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 26(9), pages 699-713, August.

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