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Life cycle assessment of yard tractors using hydrogen fuel at the Port of Kaohsiung, Taiwan

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  • Chang, Ching-Chih
  • Huang, Po-Chien
  • Tu, Jhih-Sheng

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to use LCA to evaluate different fuel usage in yard tractors, which include diesel, electric, LNG, and hydrogen fuel cells. This study refers to ISO regulations to assess the investigation. Empirical results show (1) for the diesel yard tractor, the total carbon emissions is 43,870.60 kgCO2e, and the carbon footprint is 6.40×10−6 kgCO2e/TK. The hotspot is the usage stage (76.83% of the total emissions); (2) for the electric yard tractor, the total carbon emissions is 16,563.63 kgCO2e, and the carbon footprint is 2.42×10−6 kgCO2e/TK. The major emission hotspot is the raw material stage (96.15% of the total emissions); (3) for the LNG yard tractor, the total carbon emissions is 33,560.09 kgCO2e, and the carbon footprint is 4.89×10−6 kgCO2e/TK. The main emissions hotspot is the usage stage (85.04% of the total emissions); (4) for the hydrogen yard tractor, the total carbon emissions is 13,709.87 kgCO2e, and the carbon footprint is 2.00×10−6 kgCO2e/TK. The biggest emission’s hotspot is the raw material stage (95.32% of the total emissions). The results demonstrate that the better fuel alternative to use for yard tractors is hydrogen, which has the greatest effect on GHG mitigation, followed by electric and LNG.

Suggested Citation

  • Chang, Ching-Chih & Huang, Po-Chien & Tu, Jhih-Sheng, 2019. "Life cycle assessment of yard tractors using hydrogen fuel at the Port of Kaohsiung, Taiwan," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 189(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:189:y:2019:i:c:s0360544219319176
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2019.116222
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Arteconi, A. & Brandoni, C. & Evangelista, D. & Polonara, F., 2010. "Life-cycle greenhouse gas analysis of LNG as a heavy vehicle fuel in Europe," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 87(6), pages 2005-2013, June.
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    Cited by:

    1. Ching-Chih Chang & Yu-Wei Chang & Po-Chien Huang, 2022. "Effects of the INDC and GGRMA Regulations on the Impact of PM 2.5 Particle Emissions on Maritime Ports: A Study of Human Health and Environmental Costs," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(10), pages 1-15, May.
    2. Vichos, Emmanouil & Sifakis, Nikolaos & Tsoutsos, Theocharis, 2022. "Challenges of integrating hydrogen energy storage systems into nearly zero-energy ports," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 241(C).
    3. Pivetta, D. & Dall’Armi, C. & Sandrin, P. & Bogar, M. & Taccani, R., 2024. "The role of hydrogen as enabler of industrial port area decarbonization," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 189(PB).
    4. Vu, Ngoc-Lam & Messier, Pascal & Nguyễn, Bảo-Huy & Vo-Duy, Thanh & Trovão, João Pedro F. & Desrochers, Alain & Rodrigues, António, 2023. "Energy-optimization design and management strategy for hybrid electric non-road mobile machinery: A case study of snowblower," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 284(C).

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