IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/energy/v187y2019ics0360544219316858.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Temporal and spatial characteristics of wave energy in the Persian Gulf based on the ERA5 reanalysis dataset

Author

Listed:
  • Mahmoodi, Kumars
  • Ghassemi, Hassan
  • Razminia, Abolhassan

Abstract

The 18-year (2000–2017) spatio-temporal distribution of the annual, seasonal and monthly mean wave energy based on the significant height of combined wind waves and swell, mean wave direction and energy wave period are presented using the European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) ERA5 reanalysis dataset. Moreover, a new wave energy assessment equation for both shallow and deep waters is derived, which improves the accuracy of the wave energy estimation for various water depths, especially for nearshore shallow water areas. Our detailed analysis results depict that the central parts of the region have a higher level of wave energy potential, especially during the winter, when it is affected by dominant winter-time Shamal wind. The prevailing direction of waves is consistently northwest. The 18-year annual mean results show significant wave heights are found mostly less than 1 m, with annual mean energy densities reaching up to 1.2 kW/m in offshore parts. The wave energy is a higher in the winter and diminishes during spring and summer to reach their lowest values in the fall. Generally, the most and the least abundant wave energy occur in February and September, respectively. The wave energy is mainly arisen due to the energy periods between 2 and 6 s and significant wave heights between 0.5 and 1 m.

Suggested Citation

  • Mahmoodi, Kumars & Ghassemi, Hassan & Razminia, Abolhassan, 2019. "Temporal and spatial characteristics of wave energy in the Persian Gulf based on the ERA5 reanalysis dataset," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 187(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:187:y:2019:i:c:s0360544219316858
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2019.115991
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360544219316858
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.energy.2019.115991?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Zanous, Sina Pasha & Shafaghat, Rouzbeh & Alamian, Rezvan & Shadloo, Mostafa Safdari & Khosravi, Mohammad, 2019. "Feasibility study of wave energy harvesting along the southern coast and islands of Iran," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 135(C), pages 502-514.
    2. Amirinia, Gholamreza & Mafi, Somayeh & Mazaheri, Said, 2017. "Offshore wind resource assessment of Persian Gulf using uncertainty analysis and GIS," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 113(C), pages 915-929.
    3. Liang, Bingchen & Shao, Zhuxiao & Wu, Guoxiang & Shao, Meng & Sun, Jinwei, 2017. "New equations of wave energy assessment accounting for the water depth," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 188(C), pages 130-139.
    4. Gonçalves, Marta & Martinho, Paulo & Guedes Soares, C., 2018. "A 33-year hindcast on wave energy assessment in the western French coast," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 165(PB), pages 790-801.
    5. Abbaspour, M. & Rahimi, R., 2011. "Iran atlas of offshore renewable energies," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 36(1), pages 388-398.
    6. Kamranzad, Bahareh & Chegini, Vahid & Etemad-Shahidi, Amir, 2016. "Temporal-spatial variation of wave energy and nearshore hotspots in the Gulf of Oman based on locally generated wind waves," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 94(C), pages 341-352.
    7. Leijon, Mats & Bernhoff, Hans & Berg, Marcus & Ågren, Olov, 2003. "Economical considerations of renewable electric energy production—especially development of wave energy," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 28(8), pages 1201-1209.
    8. Rashid, Ali & Hasanzadeh, Smaeyl, 2011. "Status and potentials of offshore wave energy resources in Chahbahar area (NW Omman Sea)," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 15(9), pages 4876-4883.
    9. Kamranzad, Bahareh & Etemad-Shahidi, Amir & Chegini, Vahid, 2017. "Developing an optimum hotspot identifier for wave energy extracting in the northern Persian Gulf," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 114(PA), pages 59-71.
    10. Kamranzad, Bahareh & Etemad-Shahidi, Amir & Chegini, Vahid, 2016. "Sustainability of wave energy resources in southern Caspian Sea," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 97(C), pages 549-559.
    11. Hadadpour, Sanaz & Etemad-Shahidi, Amir & Jabbari, Ebrahim & Kamranzad, Bahareh, 2014. "Wave energy and hot spots in Anzali port," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 74(C), pages 529-536.
    12. Khojasteh, Danial & Khojasteh, Davood & Kamali, Reza & Beyene, Asfaw & Iglesias, Gregorio, 2018. "Assessment of renewable energy resources in Iran; with a focus on wave and tidal energy," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 81(P2), pages 2992-3005.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Sun, Ze & Zhang, Haicheng & Liu, Xiaolong & Ding, Jun & Xu, Daolin & Cai, Zhiwen, 2021. "Wave energy assessment of the Xisha Group Islands zone for the period 2010–2019," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 220(C).
    2. Ahn, Seongho & Haas, Kevin A. & Neary, Vincent S., 2020. "Wave energy resource characterization and assessment for coastal waters of the United States," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 267(C).
    3. Sun, Peidong & Wang, Jichao, 2024. "Long-term variability analysis of wave energy resources and its impact on wave energy converters along the Chinese coastline," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 288(C).
    4. Majidi Nezhad, Meysam & Neshat, Mehdi & Piras, Giuseppe & Astiaso Garcia, Davide, 2022. "Sites exploring prioritisation of offshore wind energy potential and mapping for wind farms installation: Iranian islands case studies," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 168(C).
    5. Bahareh Kamranzad & George Lavidas & Kaoru Takara, 2020. "Spatio-Temporal Assessment of Climate Change Impact on Wave Energy Resources Using Various Time Dependent Criteria," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(3), pages 1-12, February.
    6. Eelsalu, Maris & Montoya, Rubén D. & Aramburo, Darwin & Osorio, Andrés F. & Soomere, Tarmo, 2024. "Spatial and temporal variability of wave energy resource in the eastern Pacific from Panama to the Drake passage," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 224(C).
    7. Sun, Peidong & Xu, Bin & Wang, Jichao, 2022. "Long-term trend analysis and wave energy assessment based on ERA5 wave reanalysis along the Chinese coastline," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 324(C).
    8. Mahmoodi, Kumars & Razminia, Abolhassan & Ghassemi, Hassan, 2021. "Optimal control of wave energy converters with non-integer order performance indices: A dynamic programming approach," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 177(C), pages 1212-1233.
    9. Li, Mingxue & Zhang, Yufeng & Li, Kexin & Zhang, Yiwen & Xu, Kaixuan & Liu, Xiaoqiang & Zhong, Shaoxuan & Cao, Jiamu, 2022. "Self-powered wireless sensor system for water monitoring based on low-frequency electromagnetic-pendulum energy harvester," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 251(C).
    10. Valliyil Mohammed Aboobacker & Puthuveetil Razak Shanas & Subramanian Veerasingam & Ebrahim M. A. S. Al-Ansari & Fadhil N. Sadooni & Ponnumony Vethamony, 2021. "Long-Term Assessment of Onshore and Offshore Wind Energy Potentials of Qatar," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(4), pages 1-21, February.
    11. Zhang, Zhenquan & Qin, Jian & Wang, Dengshuai & Wang, Wei & Liu, Yanjun & Xue, Gang, 2023. "Research on wave excitation estimators for arrays of wave energy converters," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 264(C).
    12. Pourali, Mahmoud & Kavianpour, Mohamad Reza & Kamranzad, Bahareh & Alizadeh, Mohamad Javad, 2023. "Future variability of wave energy in the Gulf of Oman using a high resolution CMIP6 climate model," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 262(PB).
    13. Mahmoodi, Kumars & Nepomuceno, Erivelton & Razminia, Abolhassan, 2022. "Wave excitation force forecasting using neural networks," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 247(C).
    14. Zheng, Chong-wei & Li, Xue-hong & Azorin-Molina, Cesar & Li, Chong-yin & Wang, Qing & Xiao, Zi-niu & Yang, Shao-bo & Chen, Xuan & Zhan, Chao, 2022. "Global trends in oceanic wind speed, wind-sea, swell, and mixed wave heights," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 321(C).
    15. Ifaei, Pouya & Nazari-Heris, Morteza & Tayerani Charmchi, Amir Saman & Asadi, Somayeh & Yoo, ChangKyoo, 2023. "Sustainable energies and machine learning: An organized review of recent applications and challenges," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 266(C).
    16. Mahmoodi, Kumars & Ghassemi, Hassan & Razminia, Abolhassan, 2020. "Performance assessment of a two-body wave energy converter based on the Persian Gulf wave climate," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 159(C), pages 519-537.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Khojasteh, Danial & Khojasteh, Davood & Kamali, Reza & Beyene, Asfaw & Iglesias, Gregorio, 2018. "Assessment of renewable energy resources in Iran; with a focus on wave and tidal energy," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 81(P2), pages 2992-3005.
    2. Kamranzad, Bahareh & Takara, Kaoru, 2020. "A climate-dependent sustainability index for wave energy resources in Northeast Asia," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 209(C).
    3. Mahmoodi, Kumars & Ghassemi, Hassan & Razminia, Abolhassan, 2020. "Performance assessment of a two-body wave energy converter based on the Persian Gulf wave climate," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 159(C), pages 519-537.
    4. Kamranzad, Bahareh & Etemad-Shahidi, Amir & Chegini, Vahid, 2017. "Developing an optimum hotspot identifier for wave energy extracting in the northern Persian Gulf," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 114(PA), pages 59-71.
    5. Bingölbali, Bilal & Majidi, Ajab Gul & Akpınar, Adem, 2021. "Inter- and intra-annual wave energy resource assessment in the south-western Black Sea coast," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 169(C), pages 809-819.
    6. Jahangir, Mohammad Hossein & Mazinani, Mehran, 2020. "Evaluation of the convertible offshore wave energy capacity of the southern strip of the Caspian Sea," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 152(C), pages 331-346.
    7. Khojasteh, Danial & Kamali, Reza, 2016. "Evaluation of wave energy absorption by heaving point absorbers at various hot spots in Iran seas," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 109(C), pages 629-640.
    8. Kamranzad, Bahareh & Lin, Pengzhi, 2020. "Sustainability of wave energy resources in the South China Sea based on five decades of changing climate," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 210(C).
    9. Su, Wen-Ray & Chen, Hongey & Chen, Wei-Bo & Chang, Chih-Hsin & Lin, Lee-Yaw & Jang, Jiun-Huei & Yu, Yi-Chiang, 2018. "Numerical investigation of wave energy resources and hotspots in the surrounding waters of Taiwan," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 118(C), pages 814-824.
    10. Bahareh Kamranzad & George Lavidas & Kaoru Takara, 2020. "Spatio-Temporal Assessment of Climate Change Impact on Wave Energy Resources Using Various Time Dependent Criteria," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(3), pages 1-12, February.
    11. Kamranzad, Bahareh & Etemad-Shahidi, Amir & Chegini, Vahid, 2016. "Sustainability of wave energy resources in southern Caspian Sea," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 97(C), pages 549-559.
    12. Bingölbali, Bilal & Jafali, Halid & Akpınar, Adem & Bekiroğlu, Serkan, 2020. "Wave energy potential and variability for the south west coasts of the Black Sea: The WEB-based wave energy atlas," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 154(C), pages 136-150.
    13. Karunarathna, Harshinie & Maduwantha, Pravin & Kamranzad, Bahareh & Rathnasooriya, Harsha & de Silva, Kasun, 2020. "Evaluation of spatio-temporal variability of ocean wave power resource around Sri Lanka," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 200(C).
    14. Zanous, Sina Pasha & Shafaghat, Rouzbeh & Alamian, Rezvan & Shadloo, Mostafa Safdari & Khosravi, Mohammad, 2019. "Feasibility study of wave energy harvesting along the southern coast and islands of Iran," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 135(C), pages 502-514.
    15. Erfan Amini & Rojin Asadi & Danial Golbaz & Mahdieh Nasiri & Seyed Taghi Omid Naeeni & Meysam Majidi Nezhad & Giuseppe Piras & Mehdi Neshat, 2021. "Comparative Study of Oscillating Surge Wave Energy Converter Performance: A Case Study for Southern Coasts of the Caspian Sea," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(19), pages 1-21, October.
    16. Kamranzad, Bahareh & Chegini, Vahid & Etemad-Shahidi, Amir, 2016. "Temporal-spatial variation of wave energy and nearshore hotspots in the Gulf of Oman based on locally generated wind waves," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 94(C), pages 341-352.
    17. Kamranzad, Bahareh & Hadadpour, Sanaz, 2020. "A multi-criteria approach for selection of wave energy converter/location," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 204(C).
    18. Shi, Xueli & Liang, Bingchen & Li, Shaowu & Zhao, Jianchun & Wang, Junhui & Wang, Zhenlu, 2024. "Wave energy resource classification system for the China East Adjacent Seas based on multivariate clustering," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 299(C).
    19. Nasrollahi, Sadaf & Kazemi, Aliyeh & Jahangir, Mohammad-Hossein & Aryaee, Sara, 2023. "Selecting suitable wave energy technology for sustainable development, an MCDM approach," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 202(C), pages 756-772.
    20. Rusu, Liliana, 2019. "Evaluation of the near future wave energy resources in the Black Sea under two climate scenarios," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 142(C), pages 137-146.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:187:y:2019:i:c:s0360544219316858. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/energy .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.