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Improving the performance of booster heat pumps using zeotropic mixtures

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  • Zühlsdorf, B.
  • Meesenburg, W.
  • Ommen, T.S.
  • Thorsen, J.E.
  • Markussen, W.B.
  • Elmegaard, B.

Abstract

This study demonstrated an increase in the thermodynamic performance of a booster heat pump, which was achieved by choosing the working fluid among pure and mixed fluids. The booster heat pump was integrated in an ultra-low-temperature district heating network with a forward temperature of 40 °C to produce domestic hot water, by heating part of the forward stream to 60 °C, while cooling the remaining part to the return temperature of 25 °C. The screening of working fluids considered 18 pure working fluids and all possible binary mixtures of these fluids. The most promising solutions were analysed with respect to their performance under off-design conditions and their economic potential. The best-performing mixture showed a coefficient of performance (COP) of 9.0 and thereby outperformed R134a by 47%. Although the mixed working fluids resulted in higher investment cost, the economic performance was comparable to the pure fluids. The mixtures showed similar performance as the pure fluids at off-design conditions. It was concluded that the mixtures 50% Propylene/50% Butane and 50% R1234yf/50% R1233zd(E) could considerably improve the thermodynamic performance of the overall heat supply system while being economically competitive to pure fluids.

Suggested Citation

  • Zühlsdorf, B. & Meesenburg, W. & Ommen, T.S. & Thorsen, J.E. & Markussen, W.B. & Elmegaard, B., 2018. "Improving the performance of booster heat pumps using zeotropic mixtures," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 154(C), pages 390-402.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:154:y:2018:i:c:p:390-402
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2018.04.137
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Köfinger, M. & Basciotti, D. & Schmidt, R.R. & Meissner, E. & Doczekal, C. & Giovannini, A., 2016. "Low temperature district heating in Austria: Energetic, ecologic and economic comparison of four case studies," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 110(C), pages 95-104.
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    Cited by:

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    4. Zhu, Tingting & Ommen, Torben & Meesenburg, Wiebke & Thorsen, Jan Eric & Elmegaard, Brian, 2021. "Steady state behavior of a booster heat pump for hot water supply in ultra-low temperature district heating network," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 237(C).
    5. Nielsen, Tore Bach & Lund, Henrik & Østergaard, Poul Alberg & Duic, Neven & Mathiesen, Brian Vad, 2021. "Perspectives on energy efficiency and smart energy systems from the 5th SESAAU2019 conference," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 216(C).
    6. Gómez-Hernández, J. & Grimes, R. & Briongos, J.V. & Marugán-Cruz, C. & Santana, D., 2023. "Carbon dioxide and acetone mixtures as refrigerants for industry heat pumps to supply temperature in the range 150–220 oC," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 269(C).
    7. Barco-Burgos, J. & Bruno, J.C. & Eicker, U. & Saldaña-Robles, A.L. & Alcántar-Camarena, V., 2022. "Review on the integration of high-temperature heat pumps in district heating and cooling networks," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 239(PE).
    8. Meesenburg, Wiebke & Ommen, Torben & Thorsen, Jan Eric & Elmegaard, Brian, 2020. "Economic feasibility of ultra-low temperature district heating systems in newly built areas supplied by renewable energy," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 191(C).
    9. Ziemele, Jelena & Talcis, Normunds & Osis, Ugis & Dace, Elina, 2021. "A methodology for selecting a sustainable development strategy for connecting low heat density consumers to a district heating system by cascading of heat carriers," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 230(C).
    10. Bai, Tao & Yan, Gang & Yu, Jianlin, 2019. "Thermodynamic assessment of a condenser outlet split ejector-based high temperature heat pump cycle using various low GWP refrigerants," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 179(C), pages 850-862.
    11. Lund, Henrik & Duic, Neven & Østergaard, Poul Alberg & Mathiesen, Brian Vad, 2018. "Future district heating systems and technologies: On the role of smart energy systems and 4th generation district heating," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 165(PA), pages 614-619.
    12. Arabkoohsar, A. & Sadi, M., 2020. "A solar PTC powered absorption chiller design for Co-supply of district heating and cooling systems in Denmark," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 193(C).
    13. Liu, Bo & Guo, Xiangji & Xi, Xiuzhi & Sun, Jianhua & Zhang, Bo & Yang, Zhuqiang, 2023. "Thermodynamic analyses of ejector refrigeration cycle with zeotropic mixture," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 263(PD).

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