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Life cycle energy efficiency and potentials of biodiesel production from palm oil in Thailand

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  • Papong, Seksan
  • Chom-In, Tassaneewan
  • Noksa-nga, Soottiwan
  • Malakul, Pomthong

Abstract

Biodiesel production from palm oil has been considered one of the most promising renewable resources for transportation fuel in Thailand. The objective of this study was to analyze the energy performance and potential of the palm oil methyl ester (PME) production in Thailand. The PME system was divided into four stages: the oil palm plantation, transportation, crude palm oil (CPO) production, and transesterification into biodiesel. The results showed that the highest fossil-based energy consumption was in the transesterification process, followed by the plantation, transportation, and CPO production. A net energy value and net energy ratio (NER) of 24.0Â MJ/FU and 2.5, respectively, revealed that the PME system was quite energy efficient. In addition, if all the by-products from the CPO production (such as empty fruit branches, palm kernel shells, and biogas) were considered in terms of energy sources, the NER would be more than 3.0. The PME can be a viable substitute for diesel and can decrease the need for oil imports. Based on B100 demand in 2008, PME can be substituted for 478 million liters of diesel. Moreover, with palm oil output potential and B5 implementation, it can be substituted for 1134 million liters of diesel.

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  • Papong, Seksan & Chom-In, Tassaneewan & Noksa-nga, Soottiwan & Malakul, Pomthong, 2010. "Life cycle energy efficiency and potentials of biodiesel production from palm oil in Thailand," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 38(1), pages 226-233, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:enepol:v:38:y:2010:i:1:p:226-233
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    5. Naderloo, Leila & Javadikia, Hossein & Mostafaei, Mostafa, 2017. "Modeling the energy ratio and productivity of biodiesel with different reactor dimensions and ultrasonic power using ANFIS," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 70(C), pages 56-64.
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    11. Achten, Wouter M.J. & Almeida, Joana & Fobelets, Vincent & Bolle, Evelien & Mathijs, Erik & Singh, Virendra P. & Tewari, Dina N. & Verchot, Louis V. & Muys, Bart, 2010. "Life cycle assessment of Jatropha biodiesel as transportation fuel in rural India," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 87(12), pages 3652-3660, December.
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    13. Avinash, A. & Subramaniam, D. & Murugesan, A., 2014. "Bio-diesel—A global scenario," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 29(C), pages 517-527.
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    16. Patthanaissaranukool, Withida & Polprasert, Chongchin & Englande, Andrew J., 2013. "Potential reduction of carbon emissions from Crude Palm Oil production based on energy and carbon balances," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 102(C), pages 710-717.
    17. Zhang, Long & Bai, Wuliyasu, 2021. "Sustainability of crop–based biodiesel for transportation in China: Barrier analysis and life cycle ecological footprint calculations," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 164(C).
    18. Castanheira, Érica Geraldes & Acevedo, Helmer & Freire, Fausto, 2014. "Greenhouse gas intensity of palm oil produced in Colombia addressing alternative land use change and fertilization scenarios," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 114(C), pages 958-967.
    19. Cho, Hyun Jun & Kim, Jin-Kuk & Ahmed, Faisal & Yeo, Yeong-Koo, 2013. "Life-cycle greenhouse gas emissions and energy balances of a biodiesel production from palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD)," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 111(C), pages 479-488.
    20. Edrisi, Sheikh Adil & Sahiba, Sheikh Arshiya & Chen, Bin & Abhilash, P.C., 2022. "Emergy-based sustainability analysis of bioenergy production from marginal and degraded lands of India," Ecological Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 466(C).
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    Keywords

    PME Crude palm oil Net energy value;

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