IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/enepol/v168y2022ics0301421522003469.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Incentive structures for power-to-X and e-fuel pathways for transport in EU and member states

Author

Listed:
  • Skov, Iva Ridjan
  • Schneider, Noémi

Abstract

Though Power-to-X pathways, primarily Power-to-Liquids, attract interest as solutions for decarbonising parts of the transport sector that are not suitable for electrification, the regulatory framework until recently slowed down their implementation. This paper examines the updates in the main aspects of the legal framework in the European Union from 2019 to the beginning of 2022 related to Power-to-X: support schemes, specific targets, and potential barriers. The results show increasing interest and market entrance of electrolysis and push from the different actors and regulatory parties to establish solutions that will enable faster upscaling. However, it is visible from the National Energy and Climate Plans and hydrogen strategies that the most emphasis is still on hydrogen as an end fuel for personal vehicles or power-to-gas. On the other hand, few countries have implemented legal frameworks facilitating diverse PtX pathways without focusing solely on hydrogen. Nevertheless, revisions of RED II have finally set up specific targets for electrofuels and Fit for 55 has introduced new actions supporting electrofuels in aviation and marine transport.

Suggested Citation

  • Skov, Iva Ridjan & Schneider, Noémi, 2022. "Incentive structures for power-to-X and e-fuel pathways for transport in EU and member states," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 168(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:enepol:v:168:y:2022:i:c:s0301421522003469
    DOI: 10.1016/j.enpol.2022.113121
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301421522003469
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.enpol.2022.113121?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Cesare Saccani & Marco Pellegrini & Alessandro Guzzini, 2020. "Analysis of the Existing Barriers for the Market Development of Power to Hydrogen (P2H) in Italy," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(18), pages 1-29, September.
    2. Lynch, Muireann & Devine, Mel T. & Bertsch, Valentin, 2019. "The role of power-to-gas in the future energy system: Market and portfolio effects," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 185(C), pages 1197-1209.
    3. Gábor Pörzse & Zoltán Csedő & Máté Zavarkó, 2021. "Disruption Potential Assessment of the Power-to-Methane Technology," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(8), pages 1-21, April.
    4. Parra, David & Valverde, Luis & Pino, F. Javier & Patel, Martin K., 2019. "A review on the role, cost and value of hydrogen energy systems for deep decarbonisation," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 101(C), pages 279-294.
    5. Connolly, D. & Mathiesen, B.V. & Ridjan, I., 2014. "A comparison between renewable transport fuels that can supplement or replace biofuels in a 100% renewable energy system," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 73(C), pages 110-125.
    6. Korberg, A.D. & Brynolf, S. & Grahn, M. & Skov, I.R., 2021. "Techno-economic assessment of advanced fuels and propulsion systems in future fossil-free ships," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 142(C).
    7. Müller-Casseres, Eduardo & Edelenbosch, Oreane Y. & Szklo, Alexandre & Schaeffer, Roberto & van Vuuren, Detlef P., 2021. "Global futures of trade impacting the challenge to decarbonize the international shipping sector," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 237(C).
    8. Li, Dongsen & Gao, Ciwei & Chen, Tao & Guo, Xiaoxuan & Han, Shuai, 2021. "Planning strategies of power-to-gas based on cooperative game and symbiosis cooperation," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 288(C).
    9. Velazquez Abad, Anthony & Dodds, Paul E., 2020. "Green hydrogen characterisation initiatives: Definitions, standards, guarantees of origin, and challenges," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 138(C).
    10. Roach, Martin & Meeus, Leonardo, 2020. "The welfare and price effects of sector coupling with power-to-gas," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 86(C).
    11. Tschiggerl, Karin & Sledz, Christian & Topic, Milan, 2018. "Considering environmental impacts of energy storage technologies: A life cycle assessment of power-to-gas business models," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 160(C), pages 1091-1100.
    12. Brynolf, Selma & Taljegard, Maria & Grahn, Maria & Hansson, Julia, 2018. "Electrofuels for the transport sector: A review of production costs," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 81(P2), pages 1887-1905.
    13. Mathiesen, B.V. & Lund, H. & Connolly, D. & Wenzel, H. & Østergaard, P.A. & Möller, B. & Nielsen, S. & Ridjan, I. & Karnøe, P. & Sperling, K. & Hvelplund, F.K., 2015. "Smart Energy Systems for coherent 100% renewable energy and transport solutions," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 145(C), pages 139-154.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Sayed-Ahmed, H. & Toldy, Á.I. & Santasalo-Aarnio, A., 2024. "Dynamic operation of proton exchange membrane electrolyzers—Critical review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 189(PA).
    2. Kountouris, Ioannis & Langer, Lissy & Bramstoft, Rasmus & Münster, Marie & Keles, Dogan, 2023. "Power-to-X in energy hubs: A Danish case study of renewable fuel production," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 175(C).
    3. Yuan, Meng & Vad Mathiesen, Brian & Schneider, Noémi & Xia, Jianjun & Zheng, Wen & Sorknæs, Peter & Lund, Henrik & Zhang, Lipeng, 2024. "Renewable energy and waste heat recovery in district heating systems in China: A systematic review," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 294(C).
    4. Nielsen, Steffen & Østergaard, Poul Alberg & Sperling, Karl, 2023. "Renewable energy transition, transmission system impacts and regional development – a mismatch between national planning and local development," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 278(PA).
    5. Chie Hoon Song, 2023. "Examining the Patent Landscape of E-Fuel Technology," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(5), pages 1-19, February.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Schlund, David & Theile, Philipp, 2022. "Simultaneity of green energy and hydrogen production: Analysing the dispatch of a grid-connected electrolyser," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 166(C).
    2. Zhang, Dongdong & Zhu, Hongyu & Zhang, Hongcai & Goh, Hui Hwang & Liu, Hui & Wu, Thomas, 2022. "An optimized design of residential integrated energy system considering the power-to-gas technology with multi-functional characteristics," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 238(PA).
    3. Iva Ridjan Skov & Noémi Schneider & Gerald Schweiger & Josef-Peter Schöggl & Alfred Posch, 2021. "Power-to-X in Denmark: An Analysis of Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(4), pages 1-14, February.
    4. White, Lee V. & Fazeli, Reza & Cheng, Wenting & Aisbett, Emma & Beck, Fiona J. & Baldwin, Kenneth G.H. & Howarth, Penelope & O’Neill, Lily, 2021. "Towards emissions certification systems for international trade in hydrogen: The policy challenge of defining boundaries for emissions accounting," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 215(PA).
    5. Sorknæs, P. & Lund, Henrik & Skov, I.R. & Djørup, S. & Skytte, K. & Morthorst, P.E. & Fausto, F., 2020. "Smart Energy Markets - Future electricity, gas and heating markets," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 119(C).
    6. Mikulčić, Hrvoje & Ridjan Skov, Iva & Dominković, Dominik Franjo & Wan Alwi, Sharifah Rafidah & Manan, Zainuddin Abdul & Tan, Raymond & Duić, Neven & Hidayah Mohamad, Siti Nur & Wang, Xuebin, 2019. "Flexible Carbon Capture and Utilization technologies in future energy systems and the utilization pathways of captured CO2," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 114(C), pages 1-1.
    7. Megy, Camille & Massol, Olivier, 2023. "Is Power-to-Gas always beneficial? The implications of ownership structure," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 128(C).
    8. Østergaard, Poul Alberg & Andersen, Anders N., 2021. "Variable taxes promoting district heating heat pump flexibility," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 221(C).
    9. Sperling, K. & Arler, F., 2020. "Local government innovation in the energy sector: A study of key actors’ strategies and arguments," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 126(C).
    10. Connolly, D. & Lund, H. & Mathiesen, B.V., 2016. "Smart Energy Europe: The technical and economic impact of one potential 100% renewable energy scenario for the European Union," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 60(C), pages 1634-1653.
    11. Bellocchi, Sara & De Falco, Marcello & Gambini, Marco & Manno, Michele & Stilo, Tommaso & Vellini, Michela, 2019. "Opportunities for power-to-Gas and Power-to-liquid in CO2-reduced energy scenarios: The Italian case," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 175(C), pages 847-861.
    12. Tom Brown & Mirko Schäfer & Martin Greiner, 2019. "Sectoral Interactions as Carbon Dioxide Emissions Approach Zero in a Highly-Renewable European Energy System," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(6), pages 1-16, March.
    13. Schlund, David & Schönfisch, Max, 2021. "Analysing the impact of a renewable hydrogen quota on the European electricity and natural gas markets," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 304(C).
    14. Yilmaz, Hasan Ümitcan & Kimbrough, Steven O. & van Dinther, Clemens & Keles, Dogan, 2022. "Power-to-gas: Decarbonization of the European electricity system with synthetic methane," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 323(C).
    15. Martin, Jonas & Neumann, Anne & Ødegård, Anders, 2023. "Renewable hydrogen and synthetic fuels versus fossil fuels for trucking, shipping and aviation: A holistic cost model," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 186(C).
    16. David Maya-Drysdale & Louise Krog Jensen & Brian Vad Mathiesen, 2020. "Energy Vision Strategies for the EU Green New Deal: A Case Study of European Cities," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(9), pages 1-20, May.
    17. Xavier Rixhon & Gauthier Limpens & Diederik Coppitters & Hervé Jeanmart & Francesco Contino, 2021. "The Role of Electrofuels under Uncertainties for the Belgian Energy Transition," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(13), pages 1-23, July.
    18. Osorio-Aravena, Juan Carlos & Aghahosseini, Arman & Bogdanov, Dmitrii & Caldera, Upeksha & Ghorbani, Narges & Mensah, Theophilus Nii Odai & Haas, Jannik & Muñoz-Cerón, Emilio & Breyer, Christian, 2023. "Synergies of electrical and sectoral integration: Analysing geographical multi-node scenarios with sector coupling variations for a transition towards a fully renewables-based energy system," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 279(C).
    19. Sovacool, Benjamin K. & Noel, Lance & Kester, Johannes & Zarazua de Rubens, Gerardo, 2018. "Reviewing Nordic transport challenges and climate policy priorities: Expert perceptions of decarbonisation in Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 165(PA), pages 532-542.
    20. Johannes Brauer & Manuel Villavicencio & Johannes Trüby, 2022. "Green hydrogen – How grey can it be?," RSCAS Working Papers 2022/44, European University Institute.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:enepol:v:168:y:2022:i:c:s0301421522003469. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/enpol .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.