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Liquidity and risk premia in electricity futures

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  • Bevin-McCrimmon, Fergus
  • Diaz-Rainey, Ivan
  • McCarten, Matthew
  • Sise, Greg

Abstract

Research on electricity futures markets has to date not explored the role that market liquidity may play in determining risk premia. Further, no detailed empirical examination of both liquidity and risk premia in the New Zealand electricity futures market are discernible. Using data from October 2009 to December 2015, we address these gaps in the literature. We find that liquidity has been gradually increasing and that a policy intervention to impose a maximum bid-offer spread was associated with liquidity-enhancing structural breaks, but this was evident only in the nearest-to-maturity futures contracts. Further, we develop models to explain risk premia that include a range of risk factors, which we categorise as either statistical, physical market, production cost or liquidity variables. From this analysis, we document significant time-varying premia that are driven by potentially inefficient behaviour. Finally, we find that liquidity risk does affect risk premia, but generally only in the case of longer-dated futures.

Suggested Citation

  • Bevin-McCrimmon, Fergus & Diaz-Rainey, Ivan & McCarten, Matthew & Sise, Greg, 2018. "Liquidity and risk premia in electricity futures," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 75(C), pages 503-517.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:eneeco:v:75:y:2018:i:c:p:503-517
    DOI: 10.1016/j.eneco.2018.09.002
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    Cited by:

    1. Algieri, Bernardina & Leccadito, Arturo & Tunaru, Diana, 2021. "Risk premia in electricity derivatives markets," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 100(C).
    2. Shimeng Shi, 2022. "Bitcoin futures risk premia," Journal of Futures Markets, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 42(12), pages 2190-2217, December.
    3. Bonaldo, Cinzia & Caporin, Massimiliano & Fontini, Fulvio, 2022. "The relationship between day-ahead and future prices in electricity markets: An empirical analysis on Italy, France, Germany, and Switzerland," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 110(C).
    4. Liao, Ling & Diaz-Rainey, Ivan & Kuruppuarachchi, Duminda & Gehricke, Sebastian, 2023. "The role of fundamentals and policy in New Zealand's carbon prices," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 124(C).
    5. Shinji Kuno & Kenji Tanaka & Yuji Yamada, 2022. "Effectiveness and Feasibility of Market Makers for P2P Electricity Trading," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(12), pages 1-24, June.
    6. Harish Kamal & Samit Paul, 2024. "Liquidity‐adjusted value‐at‐risk using extreme value theory and copula approach," Journal of Forecasting, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 43(6), pages 1747-1769, September.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Electricity markets; Electricity prices; Electricity futures; Liquidity; Risk premia;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • D46 - Microeconomics - - Market Structure, Pricing, and Design - - - Value Theory
    • G12 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - Asset Pricing; Trading Volume; Bond Interest Rates
    • G13 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - Contingent Pricing; Futures Pricing
    • L94 - Industrial Organization - - Industry Studies: Transportation and Utilities - - - Electric Utilities
    • Q41 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Energy - - - Demand and Supply; Prices
    • Q48 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Energy - - - Government Policy

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