IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/eneeco/v123y2023ics0140988323002244.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Dynamic time-frequency connectedness between European emissions trading system and sustainability markets

Author

Listed:
  • Suleman, Muhammad Tahir
  • Rehman, Mobeen Ur
  • Sheikh, Umaid A.
  • Kang, Sang Hoon

Abstract

This paper examines the time-frequency spillovers and connectedness network between European ETS and the sustainability markets. Empirically, we rely on the Baruník and Křehlík (2018) Diebold and Yilmaz (2012) spillover index to measure the time-varying spillovers, directional spillover, net directional spillover and connectedness network in the short-term and long-term investment horizons. Our findings suggest higher overall interconnectedness between the carbon price returns and sustainability indices, with a total spillover index of 69.75%. More specifically, the magnitude of spillovers is substantially higher in the short term than in the long terms. Moreover, European, France, and Germany sustainability indices exhibit the properties of the largest transmitter of spillover of returns towards the system whereas carbon prices are the lowest contributor to transmitting the spillovers towards the system. In the connectedness network, ETS offers a good investment opportunity with Belgium and Finland sustainability indices due to the lower level of returns connectedness. Finally, ETS provides the portfolio risk reduction in the short-term and long-term investment horizons.

Suggested Citation

  • Suleman, Muhammad Tahir & Rehman, Mobeen Ur & Sheikh, Umaid A. & Kang, Sang Hoon, 2023. "Dynamic time-frequency connectedness between European emissions trading system and sustainability markets," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 123(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:eneeco:v:123:y:2023:i:c:s0140988323002244
    DOI: 10.1016/j.eneco.2023.106726
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140988323002244
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.eneco.2023.106726?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Ramelli, Stefano & Ossola, Elisa & Rancan, Michela, 2021. "Stock price effects of climate activism: Evidence from the first Global Climate Strike," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 69(C).
    2. Diebold, Francis X. & Yılmaz, Kamil, 2014. "On the network topology of variance decompositions: Measuring the connectedness of financial firms," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 182(1), pages 119-134.
    3. Meng, Sam & Siriwardana, Mahinda & McNeill, Judith & Nelson, Tim, 2018. "The impact of an ETS on the Australian energy sector: An integrated CGE and electricity modelling approach," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 69(C), pages 213-224.
    4. Creti, Anna & Jouvet, Pierre-André & Mignon, Valérie, 2012. "Carbon price drivers: Phase I versus Phase II equilibrium?," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 34(1), pages 327-334.
    5. Jozef Baruník & Tomáš Křehlík, 2018. "Measuring the Frequency Dynamics of Financial Connectedness and Systemic Risk," Journal of Financial Econometrics, Oxford University Press, vol. 16(2), pages 271-296.
    6. Oestreich, A. Marcel & Tsiakas, Ilias, 2015. "Carbon emissions and stock returns: Evidence from the EU Emissions Trading Scheme," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 58(C), pages 294-308.
    7. Kwiatkowski, Denis & Phillips, Peter C. B. & Schmidt, Peter & Shin, Yongcheol, 1992. "Testing the null hypothesis of stationarity against the alternative of a unit root : How sure are we that economic time series have a unit root?," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 54(1-3), pages 159-178.
    8. Yuan-Hung Hsu Ku & Ho-Chyuan Chen & Kuang-Hua Chen, 2007. "On the application of the dynamic conditional correlation model in estimating optimal time-varying hedge ratios," Applied Economics Letters, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 14(7), pages 503-509.
    9. Zhang, Rui & Sharma, Rajesh & Tan, Zhixiong & Kautish, Pradeep, 2022. "Do export diversification and stock market development drive carbon intensity? The role of renewable energy solutions in top carbon emitter countries," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 185(C), pages 1318-1328.
    10. da Silva, Patricia Pereira & Moreno, Blanca & Figueiredo, Nuno Carvalho, 2016. "Firm-specific impacts of CO2 prices on the stock market value of the Spanish power industry," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 94(C), pages 492-501.
    11. Kroner, Kenneth F. & Sultan, Jahangir, 1993. "Time-Varying Distributions and Dynamic Hedging with Foreign Currency Futures," Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, Cambridge University Press, vol. 28(4), pages 535-551, December.
    12. Aslan, Aydin & Posch, Peter N., 2022. "Does carbon price volatility affect European stock market sectors? A connectedness network analysis," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 50(C).
    13. Adekoya, Oluwasegun B. & Oliyide, Johnson A. & Noman, Ambreen, 2021. "The volatility connectedness of the EU carbon market with commodity and financial markets in time- and frequency-domain: The role of the U.S. economic policy uncertainty," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 74(C).
    14. Arif, Muhammad & Hasan, Mudassar & Alawi, Suha M. & Naeem, Muhammad Abubakr, 2021. "COVID-19 and time-frequency connectedness between green and conventional financial markets," Global Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 49(C).
    15. Lastrapes, William D. & Wiesen, Thomas F.P., 2021. "The joint spillover index," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 94(C), pages 681-691.
    16. Rohleder, Martin & Wilkens, Marco & Zink, Jonas, 2022. "The effects of mutual fund decarbonization on stock prices and carbon emissions," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 134(C).
    17. Lin, Boqiang & Jia, Zhijie, 2019. "Impacts of carbon price level in carbon emission trading market," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 239(C), pages 157-170.
    18. Ramazan Gencay & Nikola Gradojevic & Faruk Selcuk & Brandon Whitcher, 2010. "Asymmetry of information flow between volatilities across time scales," Quantitative Finance, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 10(8), pages 895-915.
    19. Kim, Pyung & Bae, Hyunhoe, 2022. "Do firms respond differently to the carbon pricing by industrial sector? How and why? A comparison between manufacturing and electricity generation sectors using firm-level panel data in Korea," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 162(C).
    20. Diebold, Francis X. & Yilmaz, Kamil, 2012. "Better to give than to receive: Predictive directional measurement of volatility spillovers," International Journal of Forecasting, Elsevier, vol. 28(1), pages 57-66.
    21. Razzaq, Asif & Sharif, Arshian & Ozturk, Ilhan & Skare, Marinko, 2022. "Inclusive infrastructure development, green innovation, and sustainable resource management: Evidence from China’s trade-adjusted material footprints," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 79(C).
    22. Carratù, Maria & Chiarini, Bruno & Piselli, Paolo, 2020. "Effects of European emission unit allowance auctions on corporate profitability," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 144(C).
    23. Kroner, Kenneth F & Ng, Victor K, 1998. "Modeling Asymmetric Comovements of Asset Returns," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 11(4), pages 817-844.
    24. Chen, Hao & Xu, Chao & Peng, Yun, 2022. "Time-frequency connectedness between energy and nonenergy commodity markets during COVID-19: Evidence from China," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 78(C).
    25. Wen, Fenghua & Zhao, Lili & He, Shaoyi & Yang, Guozheng, 2020. "Asymmetric relationship between carbon emission trading market and stock market: Evidences from China," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 91(C).
    26. Jiménez-Rodríguez, Rebeca, 2019. "What happens to the relationship between EU allowances prices and stock market indices in Europe?," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 81(C), pages 13-24.
    27. Michael E. Porter, 1991. "Towards a dynamic theory of strategy," Strategic Management Journal, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 12(S2), pages 95-117, December.
    28. Sousa, Rita & Aguiar-Conraria, Luís & Soares, Maria Joana, 2014. "Carbon financial markets: A time–frequency analysis of CO2 prices," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 414(C), pages 118-127.
    29. Hung, Ngo Thai & Vo, Xuan Vinh, 2021. "Directional spillover effects and time-frequency nexus between oil, gold and stock markets: Evidence from pre and during COVID-19 outbreak," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 76(C).
    30. Balcilar, Mehmet & Gabauer, David & Umar, Zaghum, 2021. "Crude Oil futures contracts and commodity markets: New evidence from a TVP-VAR extended joint connectedness approach," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 73(C).
    31. Brouwers, Roel & Schoubben, Frederiek & Van Hulle, Cynthia & Van Uytbergen, Steve, 2016. "The initial impact of EU ETS verification events on stock prices," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 94(C), pages 138-149.
    32. Jiang, Wei & Chen, Yunfei, 2022. "The time-frequency connectedness among carbon, traditional/new energy and material markets of China in pre- and post-COVID-19 outbreak periods," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 246(C).
    33. Kumar, Surender & Managi, Shunsuke & Matsuda, Akimi, 2012. "Stock prices of clean energy firms, oil and carbon markets: A vector autoregressive analysis," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 34(1), pages 215-226.
    34. Hanif, Waqas & Areola Hernandez, Jose & Shahzad, Syed Jawad Hussain & Yoon, Seong-Min, 2021. "Tail dependence risk and spillovers between oil and food prices," The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 80(C), pages 195-209.
    35. Michael E. Porter & Claas van der Linde, 1995. "Toward a New Conception of the Environment-Competitiveness Relationship," Journal of Economic Perspectives, American Economic Association, vol. 9(4), pages 97-118, Fall.
    36. Ilhan Ozturk & Alper Aslan & Buket Altinoz, 2022. "Investigating the nexus between CO2 emissions, economic growth, energy consumption and pilgrimage tourism in Saudi Arabia," Economic Research-Ekonomska Istraživanja, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 35(1), pages 3083-3098, December.
    37. Batten, Jonathan A. & Maddox, Grace E. & Young, Martin R., 2021. "Does weather, or energy prices, affect carbon prices?," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 96(C).
    38. Veith, Stefan & Werner, Jörg R. & Zimmermann, Jochen, 2009. "Capital market response to emission rights returns: Evidence from the European power sector," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 31(4), pages 605-613, July.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Sheikh, Umaid A. & Asadi, Mehrad & Roubaud, David & Hammoudeh, Shawkat, 2024. "Global uncertainties and Australian financial markets: Quantile time-frequency connectedness," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 92(C).
    2. Asadi, Mehrad & Balcilar, Mehmet & Sheikh, Umaid A. & Roubaud, David & Ghasemi, Hamid Reza, 2023. "Are there inextricable connections among automobile stocks, crude oil, steel, and the US dollar?," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 128(C).
    3. Yin, Libo & Cao, Hong, 2024. "The propagation effect of climate risks on global stock markets: Evidence from the time and space domains," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 132(C).
    4. Shobande, Olatunji A. & Ogbeifun, Lawrence & Tiwari, Aviral Kumar, 2024. "Extricating the impacts of emissions trading system and energy transition on carbon intensity," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 357(C).
    5. Rehman, Mobeen Ur & Nautiyal, Neeraj & Ghardallou, Wafa & Vo, Xuan Vinh & Zeitun, Rami, 2023. "Comovement and spillover among energy markets: A Comparison across different crisis periods," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 79(C), pages 277-302.
    6. Qi, Shaozhou & Pang, Lidong & Qi, Tianbai & Zhang, Xiaoling & Pirtea, Marilen Gabriel, 2024. "The correlation between the green bond market and carbon trading markets under climate change: Evidence from China," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 203(C).
    7. Ozcelebi, Oguzhan & Kang, Sang Hoon, 2024. "Extreme connectedness and network across financial assets and commodity futures markets," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 71(C).

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Yang, Ming-Yuan & Chen, Zhanghangjian & Liang, Zongzheng & Li, Sai-Ping, 2023. "Dynamic and asymmetric connectedness in the global “Carbon-Energy-Stock” system under shocks from exogenous events," Journal of Commodity Markets, Elsevier, vol. 32(C).
    2. Demiralay, Sercan & Gencer, Hatice Gaye & Bayraci, Selcuk, 2022. "Carbon credit futures as an emerging asset: Hedging, diversification and downside risks," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 113(C).
    3. Wu, Ruirui & Qin, Zhongfeng & Liu, Bing-Yue, 2022. "A systemic analysis of dynamic frequency spillovers among carbon emissions trading (CET), fossil energy and sectoral stock markets: Evidence from China," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 254(PA).
    4. Sheikh, Umaid A. & Asadi, Mehrad & Roubaud, David & Hammoudeh, Shawkat, 2024. "Global uncertainties and Australian financial markets: Quantile time-frequency connectedness," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 92(C).
    5. Adekoya, Oluwasegun B. & Oliyide, Johnson A. & Noman, Ambreen, 2021. "The volatility connectedness of the EU carbon market with commodity and financial markets in time- and frequency-domain: The role of the U.S. economic policy uncertainty," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 74(C).
    6. Alomari, Mohammad & Mensi, Walid & Vo, Xuan Vinh & Kang, Sang Hoon, 2022. "Extreme return spillovers and connectedness between crude oil and precious metals futures markets: Implications for portfolio management," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 79(C).
    7. Mensi, Walid & Shafiullah, Muhammad & Vo, Xuan Vinh & Kang, Sang Hoon, 2021. "Volatility spillovers between strategic commodity futures and stock markets and portfolio implications: Evidence from developed and emerging economies," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 71(C).
    8. Mensi, Walid & Vo, Xuan Vinh & Ko, Hee-Un & Kang, Sang Hoon, 2023. "Frequency spillovers between green bonds, global factors and stock market before and during COVID-19 crisis," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 77(C), pages 558-580.
    9. Dai, Zhifeng & Zhu, Haoyang & Zhang, Xinhua, 2022. "Dynamic spillover effects and portfolio strategies between crude oil, gold and Chinese stock markets related to new energy vehicle," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 109(C).
    10. Guangxi Cao & Fei Xie, 2024. "Extreme risk spillovers across energy and carbon markets: Evidence from the quantile extended joint connectedness approach," International Journal of Finance & Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 29(2), pages 2155-2175, April.
    11. Duan, Xiaoping & Xiao, Ya & Ren, Xiaohang & Taghizadeh-Hesary, Farhad & Duan, Kun, 2023. "Dynamic spillover between traditional energy markets and emerging green markets: Implications for sustainable development," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 82(C).
    12. Cui, Tianxiang & Suleman, Muhammad Tahir & Zhang, Hongwei, 2022. "Do the green bonds overreact to the COVID-19 pandemic?," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 49(C).
    13. Mensi, Walid & Al Rababa'a, Abdel Razzaq & Alomari, Mohammad & Vo, Xuan Vinh & Kang, Sang Hoon, 2022. "Dynamic frequency volatility spillovers and connectedness between strategic commodity and stock markets: US-based sectoral analysis," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 79(C).
    14. Ha, Le Thanh & Bouteska, Ahmed & Sharif, Taimur & Abedin, Mohammad Zoynul, 2024. "Dynamic interlinkages between carbon risk and volatility of green and renewable energy: A TVP-VAR analysis," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 69(C).
    15. Gong, Xiao-Li & Zhao, Min & Wu, Zhuo-Cheng & Jia, Kai-Wen & Xiong, Xiong, 2023. "Research on tail risk contagion in international energy markets—The quantile time-frequency volatility spillover perspective," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 121(C).
    16. Mensi, Walid & Aslan, Aylin & Vo, Xuan Vinh & Kang, Sang Hoon, 2023. "Time-frequency spillovers and connectedness between precious metals, oil futures and financial markets: Hedge and safe haven implications," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 83(C), pages 219-232.
    17. Cui, Jinxin & Maghyereh, Aktham, 2023. "Higher-order moment risk connectedness and optimal investment strategies between international oil and commodity futures markets: Insights from the COVID-19 pandemic and Russia-Ukraine conflict," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 86(C).
    18. Karkowska, Renata & Urjasz, Szczepan, 2023. "How does the Russian-Ukrainian war change connectedness and hedging opportunities? Comparison between dirty and clean energy markets versus global stock indices," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 85(C).
    19. Wei, Yu & Zhang, Jiahao & Bai, Lan & Wang, Yizhi, 2023. "Connectedness among El Niño-Southern Oscillation, carbon emission allowance, crude oil and renewable energy stock markets: Time- and frequency-domain evidence based on TVP-VAR model," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 202(C), pages 289-309.
    20. Cagli, Efe Caglar & Mandaci, Pinar Evrim, 2023. "Time and frequency connectedness of uncertainties in cryptocurrency, stock, currency, energy, and precious metals markets," Emerging Markets Review, Elsevier, vol. 55(C).

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Time-frequency spillovers; Connectedness network; ETS; European sustainability index;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • G14 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - Information and Market Efficiency; Event Studies; Insider Trading
    • F36 - International Economics - - International Finance - - - Financial Aspects of Economic Integration
    • C40 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Econometric and Statistical Methods: Special Topics - - - General

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:eneeco:v:123:y:2023:i:c:s0140988323002244. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/eneco .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.