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Strategic water source areas for urban water security: Making the connection between protecting ecosystems and benefiting from their services

Author

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  • Nel, Jeanne L.
  • Le Maitre, David C.
  • Roux, Dirk J.
  • Colvin, Christine
  • Smith, Janis S.
  • Smith-Adao, Lindie B.
  • Maherry, Ashton
  • Sitas, Nadia

Abstract

Strategic water source areas are those areas that have a relatively high natural runoff in the region of interest, which is made accessible for supporting the region’s population or economy. These areas contribute substantially to development needs, often far away from the source. This disconnect between ecosystem service supply and use means that the social-ecological impacts of development decisions in these areas may not be obvious to users and decision makers. We identified 22 strategic water source areas in southern Africa linked to major urban centers. We quantified the population size and economy they support, and their current levels of protection. We found that strategic water source areas form only 8% of the land area but contribute 50% of the runoff. When linked to downstream urban centers, these areas support at least 51% of South Africa’s population and 64% of its economy. Yet only 13% of their land area is formally protected. We recommend using multiple strategies for the legal protection of these areas. Identifying strategic water source areas and their links to downstream users offers an opportunity for achieving synergy in spatial planning across diverse policy sectors, and enables new patterns of collaboration between government, business and civil society.

Suggested Citation

  • Nel, Jeanne L. & Le Maitre, David C. & Roux, Dirk J. & Colvin, Christine & Smith, Janis S. & Smith-Adao, Lindie B. & Maherry, Ashton & Sitas, Nadia, 2017. "Strategic water source areas for urban water security: Making the connection between protecting ecosystems and benefiting from their services," Ecosystem Services, Elsevier, vol. 28(PB), pages 251-259.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:ecoser:v:28:y:2017:i:pb:p:251-259
    DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoser.2017.07.013
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Yuan, Mei-Hua & Lo, Shang-Lien, 2020. "Ecosystem services and sustainable development: Perspectives f1 rom the food-energy-water Nexus," Ecosystem Services, Elsevier, vol. 46(C).
    2. Landriani, Loris & Agrifoglio, Rocco & Metallo, Concetta & Lepore, Luigi, 2022. "The role of knowledge in water service coproduction and policy implications," Utilities Policy, Elsevier, vol. 79(C).
    3. Pham, Hung Vuong & Sperotto, Anna & Torresan, Silvia & Acuña, Vicenç & Jorda-Capdevila, Dídac & Rianna, Guido & Marcomini, Antonio & Critto, Andrea, 2019. "Coupling scenarios of climate and land-use change with assessments of potential ecosystem services at the river basin scale," Ecosystem Services, Elsevier, vol. 40(C).
    4. Hérivaux, Cécile & Grémont, Marine, 2019. "Valuing a diversity of ecosystem services: The way forward to protect strategic groundwater resources for the future?," Ecosystem Services, Elsevier, vol. 35(C), pages 184-193.
    5. Clements, Hayley S. & De Vos, Alta & Bezerra, Joana Carlos & Coetzer, Kaera & Maciejewski, Kristine & Mograbi, Penelope J. & Shackleton, Charlie, 2021. "The relevance of ecosystem services to land reform policies: Insights from South Africa," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 100(C).
    6. Pham, Hung Vuong & Sperotto, Anna & Furlan, Elisa & Torresan, Silvia & Marcomini, Antonio & Critto, Andrea, 2021. "Integrating Bayesian Networks into ecosystem services assessment to support water management at the river basin scale," Ecosystem Services, Elsevier, vol. 50(C).
    7. Jess L. Delves & V. Ralph Clark & Stefan Schneiderbauer & Nigel P. Barker & Jörg Szarzynski & Stefano Tondini & João de Deus Vidal & Andrea Membretti, 2021. "Scrutinising Multidimensional Challenges in the Maloti-Drakensberg (Lesotho/South Africa)," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(15), pages 1-22, July.
    8. De Vos, A. & Cumming, G.S. & Roux, D.J., 2017. "The relevance of cross-scale connections and spatial interactions for ecosystem service delivery by protected areas: Insights from southern Africa," Ecosystem Services, Elsevier, vol. 28(PB), pages 133-139.
    9. Amanda Driver & Fulufhelo Mukhadi & Emily A. Botts, 2019. "An Initial Assessment of Biodiversity-Related Employment in South Africa," Working Papers 201902, University of Cape Town, Development Policy Research Unit.

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