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How root-grafted trees form networks: Modeling network dynamics with pyNET

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  • Wimmler, Marie-Christin
  • Berger, Uta

Abstract

Natural root grafting is a widespread phenomenon in woody plants. While previous studies have focused on the effects of reduced growth and resource exchange at the individual level, we lack an understanding of the collective behavior of groups of grafted trees and the networks they form. Here, we present pyNET, a mechanistic agent-based model designed to explore the emergence of root graft networks. We performed simulation experiments with different scenarios involving water scarcity and different cost-benefit dynamics. Costs denote the resources required to form root grafts, while benefits denote the water redistributed among trees. Our model successfully replicates observed patterns linking structural variables to network characteristics. Specifically, we were able to reproduce observed characteristics such as grafting frequency and mean group size. In particular, we find that while the network structure is naturally strongly influenced by the size of the root system, the time and resources allocated to grafting are also critical factors. pyNET serves as a valuable tool for exploring the formation of root grafting networks under diverse environmental conditions and understanding their impact on resource competition. Our study supports theory development on the subject and hopefully stimulates further empirical studies.

Suggested Citation

  • Wimmler, Marie-Christin & Berger, Uta, 2024. "How root-grafted trees form networks: Modeling network dynamics with pyNET," Ecological Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 498(C).
  • Handle: RePEc:eee:ecomod:v:498:y:2024:i:c:s0304380024003041
    DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2024.110916
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Peters, Ronny & Vovides, Alejandra G. & Luna, Soledad & Grüters, Uwe & Berger, Uta, 2014. "Changes in allometric relations of mangrove trees due to resource availability – A new mechanistic modelling approach," Ecological Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 283(C), pages 53-61.
    2. Volker Grimm & Steven F. Railsback & Christian E. Vincenot & Uta Berger & Cara Gallagher & Donald L. DeAngelis & Bruce Edmonds & Jiaqi Ge & Jarl Giske & Jürgen Groeneveld & Alice S.A. Johnston & Alex, 2020. "The ODD Protocol for Describing Agent-Based and Other Simulation Models: A Second Update to Improve Clarity, Replication, and Structural Realism," Journal of Artificial Societies and Social Simulation, Journal of Artificial Societies and Social Simulation, vol. 23(2), pages 1-7.
    3. Peters, Ronny & Olagoke, Adewole & Berger, Uta, 2018. "A new mechanistic theory of self-thinning: Adaptive behaviour of plants explains the shape and slope of self-thinning trajectories," Ecological Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 390(C), pages 1-9.
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