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Eelgrass re-establishment in shallow estuaries is affected by drifting macroalgae – Evaluated by agent-based modeling

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Listed:
  • Canal-Vergés, Paula
  • Potthoff, Michael
  • Hansen, Flemming Thorbjørn
  • Holmboe, Nikolaj
  • Rasmussen, Erik Kock
  • Flindt, Mogens R.

Abstract

It has been suggested that bedload transport of macroalgae in shallow lagoons and estuaries may negatively impact eelgrass through increased turbidity and physical stress. Increased turbidity and reduced benthic light availability for eelgrass occur when bedload transport of macroalgae erode surface sediment. Furthermore, drifting macroalgae ballistically damage eelgrass beds and increase seedling mortality. The frequency and impact of drifting macroalgae in Odense Fjord was evaluated with an agent-based model. The aims of this model were to understand and predict the mobility of opportunistic (Chaetomorpha linum) and non-ephemeral (Fucus vesiculosus) macroalgae and to describe and quantify the intensity and spatial distribution of bottom substrate physically affected by drifting macroalgae. The longest simulated movement by macroalgae was found to be 270 and 170km for brown and green algae respectively; while the macroalgae losses (export) out of the fjord were up to 11% of the total biomass; the simulated area impacted by macroalgae drift varied between 16% and 96.5% of the total fjord area; finally the degree on physically impacted area varied from 0.01 to 28.5m of algae trackm−2. The simulated pattern of drift distribution and hot spots for both brown and green algae fitted the geographical locations in which the algae community was observed on the field. Such high values for sea bed disturbances will have a major impact on the light availability due to sediment resuspension in bare bottoms and on rooted vegetation due to ballistic impacts in areas affected by algae drift.

Suggested Citation

  • Canal-Vergés, Paula & Potthoff, Michael & Hansen, Flemming Thorbjørn & Holmboe, Nikolaj & Rasmussen, Erik Kock & Flindt, Mogens R., 2014. "Eelgrass re-establishment in shallow estuaries is affected by drifting macroalgae – Evaluated by agent-based modeling," Ecological Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 272(C), pages 116-128.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:ecomod:v:272:y:2014:i:c:p:116-128
    DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2013.09.008
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Yñiguez, Aletta T. & McManus, John W. & DeAngelis, Donald L., 2008. "Allowing macroalgae growth forms to emerge: Use of an agent-based model to understand the growth and spread of macroalgae in Florida coral reefs, with emphasis on Halimeda tuna," Ecological Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 216(1), pages 60-74.
    2. Brush, Mark J. & Nixon, Scott W., 2010. "Modeling the role of macroalgae in a shallow sub-estuary of Narragansett Bay, RI (USA)," Ecological Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 221(7), pages 1065-1079.
    3. Grimm, Volker & Berger, Uta & DeAngelis, Donald L. & Polhill, J. Gary & Giske, Jarl & Railsback, Steven F., 2010. "The ODD protocol: A review and first update," Ecological Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 221(23), pages 2760-2768.
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    1. Canal-Vergés, Paula & Petersen, Jens K. & Rasmussen, Erik K. & Erichsen, Anders & Flindt, Mogens R., 2016. "Validating GIS tool to assess eelgrass potential recovery in the Limfjorden (Denmark)," Ecological Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 338(C), pages 135-148.
    2. Kuusemäe, Kadri & Rasmussen, Erik Kock & Canal-Vergés, Paula & Flindt, Mogens R., 2016. "Modelling stressors on the eelgrass recovery process in two Danish estuaries," Ecological Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 333(C), pages 11-42.
    3. Kuusemäe, Kadri & von Thenen, Miriam & Lange, Troels & Rasmussen, Erik Kock & Pothoff, Michael & Sousa, Ana I. & Flindt, Mogens R., 2018. "Agent Based Modelling (ABM) of eelgrass (Zostera marina) seedbank dynamics in a shallow Danish estuary," Ecological Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 371(C), pages 60-75.

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