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Confucianism and employee stock ownership plans: Evidence from Chinese listed firms

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  • Xu, Xixiong
  • Duan, Lingling

Abstract

We investigate whether Confucian culture affects the adoption of employee stock ownership plans (ESOPs). Using data from a sample of Chinese A-share listed firms between 2014 and 2020, we find that Confucianism promotes firms to adopt ESOPs. This effect is concentrated in firms with high human capital intensity, intense industry competition, and less foreign culture influence. Further analysis reveals that stronger Confucian influence leads to longer lock-up periods, more employees holding, larger actual fund size, and more shares per employee for ESOPs. Finally, we suggest that by trigging ESOPs, Confucianism enhances firm value. This study highlights the importance of culture for employee incentives and extends our understanding of ESOP determinants.

Suggested Citation

  • Xu, Xixiong & Duan, Lingling, 2023. "Confucianism and employee stock ownership plans: Evidence from Chinese listed firms," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 78(C), pages 859-872.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:ecanpo:v:78:y:2023:i:c:p:859-872
    DOI: 10.1016/j.eap.2023.04.035
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Confucianism; Employee stock ownership; Informal institution;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • G32 - Financial Economics - - Corporate Finance and Governance - - - Financing Policy; Financial Risk and Risk Management; Capital and Ownership Structure; Value of Firms; Goodwill
    • G41 - Financial Economics - - Behavioral Finance - - - Role and Effects of Psychological, Emotional, Social, and Cognitive Factors on Decision Making in Financial Markets
    • J33 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs - - - Compensation Packages; Payment Methods

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