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Parent education and income gradients in children's executive functions at kindergarten entry

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  • Conway, Anne
  • Waldfogel, Jane
  • Wang, Yi

Abstract

A growing body of research has demonstrated associations between socioeconomic status (SES) and children's early executive function (EF). Yet, although theory and research underscore that distinct components of SES, such as parent education and income, make unique contributions to children's outcomes, few studies have examined these in relation to EF abilities on a population level. To address this gap, we examined a large sample (N = 13, 000) of children from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Kindergarten Class of 2010–2011 (ECLS-K: 2011), a nationally-representative study of children entering kindergarten in the United States. Findings showed parent education and income gradients in cognitive flexibility and working memory at kindergarten entry after controlling for numerous child and family demographics. Notably, gaps were largest for parent education. These findings suggest that greater attention is needed to address parent education, in addition to income, disparities in executive function during early childhood.

Suggested Citation

  • Conway, Anne & Waldfogel, Jane & Wang, Yi, 2018. "Parent education and income gradients in children's executive functions at kindergarten entry," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 91(C), pages 329-337.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:cysrev:v:91:y:2018:i:c:p:329-337
    DOI: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2018.06.009
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    1. Clancy Blair & Douglas A. Granger & Michael Willoughby & Roger Mills-Koonce & Martha Cox & Mark T. Greenberg & Katie T. Kivlighan & Christine K. Fortunato & FLP Investigators, 2011. "Salivary Cortisol Mediates Effects of Poverty and Parenting on Executive Functions in Early Childhood," Working Papers 2011-019, Human Capital and Economic Opportunity Working Group.
    2. Mirowsky, John & Ross, Catherine E., 2002. "Depression, parenthood, and age at first birth," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 54(8), pages 1281-1298, April.
    3. Ariel Kalil & Rebecca Ryan & Michael Corey, 2012. "Diverging Destinies: Maternal Education and the Developmental Gradient in Time With Children," Demography, Springer;Population Association of America (PAA), vol. 49(4), pages 1361-1383, November.
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    Cited by:

    1. Wu, Yichao & Zhang, Yuan, 2024. "The effect of family economic capital on the cognitive ability of migrant children in China," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 161(C).

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