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Perspectives of elementary school educators in Japan, South Korea, Taiwan and the US on disability, stigmatization and children's developing self Part 1: Defining the problem in cultural context

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  • Haight, Wendy
  • Kayama, Misa
  • Ku, May-Lee (Mary)
  • Cho, Minhae
  • Lee, Hee Yun

Abstract

The stigmatization of individuals with disabilities is a widespread social justice issue. This paper introduces a study of disability, stigmatization and self for children with disabilities and their typically-developing peers. It is the first of two companion papers. It examines the problem of stigmatization from the perspectives of experienced elementary school educators practicing in diverse cultural contexts. We conducted cross-cultural analyses of individual, audio recorded interviews with 26 Japanese, 43 Korean, 16 Taiwanese and 18 US educators, including school social workers. Educators from all four cultural groups described disability and stigma as challenging children's development of self: children with disabilities may experience the self as isolated and inadequate, and typically-developing peers may experience the self as lacking culturally expected values of empathy and respect. Educators' understandings of children's experiences also were culturally nuanced. Educators variously described children with disabilities as experiencing a sense of not belonging [Japan], loss of motivation [South Korea], too much shame [Taiwan], and low self-esteem [US]. They variously described typically-developing children as challenged to show empathy [Japan], include children with disabilities in their peer group [South Korea], develop benevolence [Taiwan], and show respect for individual differences [US]. We contextualize educators' perceptions within their specific sociocultural-historical contexts. Our second paper will focus on solutions; specifically, educators' perspectives on how to minimize stigmatization and support the development of self for children with disabilities and their typically-developing peers. Together, these companion papers provide social workers with valuable perspectives for eliminating the stigmatization of children with disabilities in future generations.

Suggested Citation

  • Haight, Wendy & Kayama, Misa & Ku, May-Lee (Mary) & Cho, Minhae & Lee, Hee Yun, 2016. "Perspectives of elementary school educators in Japan, South Korea, Taiwan and the US on disability, stigmatization and children's developing self Part 1: Defining the problem in cultural context," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 70(C), pages 214-228.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:cysrev:v:70:y:2016:i:c:p:214-228
    DOI: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2016.09.022
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    1. Kayama, Misa & Haight, Wendy & Ku, May Lee & Cho, Minhae & Lee, Hee Yun, 2016. "Perspectives of elementary school educators in Japan, South Korea, Taiwan and the US on disability, stigmatization and children's developing self," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 70(C), pages 403-418.
    2. Kayama, Misa & Haight, Wendy & Kincaid, Tamara & Evans, Kelly, 2015. "Local implementation of disability policies for “high incidence” disabilities at public schools in Japan and the U.S," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 52(C), pages 34-44.
    3. Yang, Lawrence Hsin & Kleinman, Arthur & Link, Bruce G. & Phelan, Jo C. & Lee, Sing & Good, Byron, 2007. "Culture and stigma: Adding moral experience to stigma theory," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 64(7), pages 1524-1535, April.
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    5. Chen, Bo-Shoe, 1994. "Taiwan: reform at a snail's pace," Telecommunications Policy, Elsevier, vol. 18(3), pages 229-235, April.
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    1. Kayama, Misa & Haight, Wendy, 2018. "Balancing the stigmatization risks of disability labels against the benefits of special education: Japanese parents' perceptions," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 89(C), pages 43-53.
    2. Kayama, Misa, 2017. "Development of children's understandings of physical disabilities and stigmatization in a Japanese cultural context: Reflections of children in second through sixth grades," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 83(C), pages 190-200.
    3. Cho, Minhae & Yun, Heejung & Haight, Wendy, 2020. "Courtesy stigma from the perspectives of elementary school educators in South Korea," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 119(C).
    4. Kayama, Misa & Haight, Wendy & Ku, May Lee Mary & Cho, Minhae & Lee, Hee Yun, 2017. "East Asian and US educators' reflections on how stigmatization affects their relationships with parents whose children have disabilities: Challenges and solutions," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 73(C), pages 128-144.
    5. Kayama, Misa & Haight, Wendy & Ku, May Lee & Cho, Minhae & Lee, Hee Yun, 2016. "Perspectives of elementary school educators in Japan, South Korea, Taiwan and the US on disability, stigmatization and children's developing self," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 70(C), pages 403-418.
    6. Kayama, Misa & Johnstone, Christopher & Limaye, Sandhya, 2019. "Adjusting the “self” in social interaction: Disability and stigmatization in India," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 96(C), pages 463-474.

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