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Beyond overwhelmed: A new measure of the functional impact of toxic stress on parents of young children

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  • Moreno, Amanda J.
  • Byers, Kaela
  • Monahan, Emma
  • Robinson, JoAnn L.
  • McCrae, Julie

Abstract

This study investigates the reliability and construct validity of the Functional Impact of Toxic Stress for Parents (FITS-P) measure in an online crowdsourced pilot sample (n = 202) and a pediatric clinic sample (n = 889). The objective of the FITS-P is to provide a low burden (i.e., four items) measure for capturing aspects of the parental side of the toxic stress equation, specifically defining toxic stress as being severe enough to go beyond feelings of overwhelm to functional impairment in major domains of life. Patterns of item endorsement were analyzed in both samples, and construct validity was assessed in the clinic sample in relation to a series of measures of parental stress and psychological resources also administered to parents. Overall, analyses supported reliability and validity, and suggest utility of this new measure. Most importantly, it was found that only a single FITS-P item endorsed was sufficient to produce a significant increase in risk for most of the construct validity measures. This suggests that, as hoped, functional impact may capture parental variance in the toxic stress constellation more efficiently and effectively than typical methods such as life event stress, adverse childhood experiences, or perceived stressfulness of only the parenting role. Results are discussed in terms of the promise of the FITS-P as a low-burden assessment that can be used in two-generational approaches to ameliorating toxic stress.

Suggested Citation

  • Moreno, Amanda J. & Byers, Kaela & Monahan, Emma & Robinson, JoAnn L. & McCrae, Julie, 2021. "Beyond overwhelmed: A new measure of the functional impact of toxic stress on parents of young children," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 131(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:cysrev:v:131:y:2021:i:c:s019074092100356x
    DOI: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2021.106280
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Unsal Yetim, 2003. "The Impacts of Individualism/Collectivism, Self-Esteem, and Feeling of Mastery on Life Satisfaction among the Turkish University Students and Academicians," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 61(3), pages 297-317, March.
    2. Fauth, Rebecca C. & Leventhal, Tama & Brooks-Gunn, Jeanne, 2004. "Short-term effects of moving from public housing in poor to middle-class neighborhoods on low-income, minority adults' outcomes," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 59(11), pages 2271-2284, December.
    3. Barboza-Salerno, Gia Elise, 2020. "Cognitive readiness to parent, stability and change in postpartum parenting stress and social-emotional problems in early childhood: A second order growth curve model," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 113(C).
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