IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/csdana/v168y2022ics0167947321002334.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Doubly robust estimation in causal inference with missing outcomes: With an application to the Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study

Author

Listed:
  • Wei, Kecheng
  • Qin, Guoyou
  • Zhang, Jiajia
  • Sui, Xuemei

Abstract

Estimation of the average treatment effect (ATE) and the average treatment effect on the treated (ATT) are two important topics of causal inference. However, when using the observational data for causal inference, two main problems including unbalanced covariates and missing outcomes should be tackled. In order to handle these two challenges and provide protection against model misspecification, the doubly robust estimators are developed, which remain consistent when the propensity score model and the selection probability model are correctly specified concurrently, or the outcome regression model is correctly specified. Under regularity conditions, the asymptotic normality of the estimators is established. Simulation studies confirm the desirable finite-sample performance of the proposed methods. Based on the Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study, the significant positive causal effect of physical activity levels on health status is discovered.

Suggested Citation

  • Wei, Kecheng & Qin, Guoyou & Zhang, Jiajia & Sui, Xuemei, 2022. "Doubly robust estimation in causal inference with missing outcomes: With an application to the Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study," Computational Statistics & Data Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 168(C).
  • Handle: RePEc:eee:csdana:v:168:y:2022:i:c:s0167947321002334
    DOI: 10.1016/j.csda.2021.107399
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167947321002334
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only.

    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.csda.2021.107399?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Zhiqiang Tan, 2010. "Bounded, efficient and doubly robust estimation with inverse weighting," Biometrika, Biometrika Trust, vol. 97(3), pages 661-682.
    2. Alberto Abadie & Guido W. Imbens, 2016. "Matching on the Estimated Propensity Score," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 84, pages 781-807, March.
    3. Shu Yang & Jae Kwang Kim, 2016. "Likelihood-based Inference with Missing Data Under Missing-at-Random," Scandinavian Journal of Statistics, Danish Society for Theoretical Statistics;Finnish Statistical Society;Norwegian Statistical Association;Swedish Statistical Association, vol. 43(2), pages 436-454, June.
    4. Gruber Susan & van der Laan Mark J., 2010. "A Targeted Maximum Likelihood Estimator of a Causal Effect on a Bounded Continuous Outcome," The International Journal of Biostatistics, De Gruyter, vol. 6(1), pages 1-18, August.
    5. Peisong Han, 2014. "Multiply Robust Estimation in Regression Analysis With Missing Data," Journal of the American Statistical Association, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 109(507), pages 1159-1173, September.
    6. Guido W. Imbens, 2004. "Nonparametric Estimation of Average Treatment Effects Under Exogeneity: A Review," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 86(1), pages 4-29, February.
    7. Jinyong Hahn, 1998. "On the Role of the Propensity Score in Efficient Semiparametric Estimation of Average Treatment Effects," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 66(2), pages 315-332, March.
    8. Heejung Bang & James M. Robins, 2005. "Doubly Robust Estimation in Missing Data and Causal Inference Models," Biometrics, The International Biometric Society, vol. 61(4), pages 962-973, December.
    9. Karel Vermeulen & Stijn Vansteelandt, 2015. "Bias-Reduced Doubly Robust Estimation," Journal of the American Statistical Association, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 110(511), pages 1024-1036, September.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Difang Huang & Jiti Gao & Tatsushi Oka, 2022. "Semiparametric Single-Index Estimation for Average Treatment Effects," Papers 2206.08503, arXiv.org, revised Apr 2024.
    2. Shu Yang & Yunshu Zhang, 2023. "Multiply robust matching estimators of average and quantile treatment effects," Scandinavian Journal of Statistics, Danish Society for Theoretical Statistics;Finnish Statistical Society;Norwegian Statistical Association;Swedish Statistical Association, vol. 50(1), pages 235-265, March.
    3. Frölich, Markus & Huber, Martin & Wiesenfarth, Manuel, 2017. "The finite sample performance of semi- and non-parametric estimators for treatment effects and policy evaluation," Computational Statistics & Data Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 115(C), pages 91-102.
    4. Farrell, Max H., 2015. "Robust inference on average treatment effects with possibly more covariates than observations," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 189(1), pages 1-23.
    5. Jianxuan Liu & Yanyuan Ma & Lan Wang, 2018. "An alternative robust estimator of average treatment effect in causal inference," Biometrics, The International Biometric Society, vol. 74(3), pages 910-923, September.
    6. Huber, Martin & Lechner, Michael & Wunsch, Conny, 2013. "The performance of estimators based on the propensity score," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 175(1), pages 1-21.
    7. Huber, Martin & Lechner, Michael & Wunsch, Conny, 2010. "How to Control for Many Covariates? Reliable Estimators Based on the Propensity Score," IZA Discussion Papers 5268, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    8. Y Cui & E J Tchetgen Tchetgen, 2024. "Selective machine learning of doubly robust functionals," Biometrika, Biometrika Trust, vol. 111(2), pages 517-535.
    9. Sant’Anna, Pedro H.C. & Zhao, Jun, 2020. "Doubly robust difference-in-differences estimators," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 219(1), pages 101-122.
    10. Li Liang & Greene Tom, 2013. "A Weighting Analogue to Pair Matching in Propensity Score Analysis," The International Journal of Biostatistics, De Gruyter, vol. 9(2), pages 215-234, July.
    11. Yihui He & Fang Han, 2023. "On propensity score matching with a diverging number of matches," Papers 2310.14142, arXiv.org, revised Nov 2023.
    12. Iván Díaz & Elizabeth Colantuoni & Daniel F. Hanley & Michael Rosenblum, 2019. "Improved precision in the analysis of randomized trials with survival outcomes, without assuming proportional hazards," Lifetime Data Analysis: An International Journal Devoted to Statistical Methods and Applications for Time-to-Event Data, Springer, vol. 25(3), pages 439-468, July.
    13. Xiaogang Duan & Guosheng Yin, 2017. "Ensemble Approaches to Estimating the Population Mean with Missing Response," Scandinavian Journal of Statistics, Danish Society for Theoretical Statistics;Finnish Statistical Society;Norwegian Statistical Association;Swedish Statistical Association, vol. 44(4), pages 899-917, December.
    14. Siying Guo & Jianxuan Liu & Qiu Wang, 2022. "Effective Learning During COVID-19: Multilevel Covariates Matching and Propensity Score Matching," Annals of Data Science, Springer, vol. 9(5), pages 967-982, October.
    15. Susan Gruber & Mark J. van der Laan, 2013. "An Application of Targeted Maximum Likelihood Estimation to the Meta-Analysis of Safety Data," Biometrics, The International Biometric Society, vol. 69(1), pages 254-262, March.
    16. Zongwu Cai & Ying Fang & Ming Lin & Shengfang Tang, 2020. "Testing Unconfoundedness Assumption Using Auxiliary Variables," WORKING PAPERS SERIES IN THEORETICAL AND APPLIED ECONOMICS 202004, University of Kansas, Department of Economics, revised Feb 2020.
    17. Wang, Qihua & Su, Miaomiao & Wang, Ruoyu, 2021. "A beyond multiple robust approach for missing response problem," Computational Statistics & Data Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 155(C).
    18. Susan Athey & Guido W. Imbens, 2017. "The State of Applied Econometrics: Causality and Policy Evaluation," Journal of Economic Perspectives, American Economic Association, vol. 31(2), pages 3-32, Spring.
    19. Huber, Martin, 2019. "An introduction to flexible methods for policy evaluation," FSES Working Papers 504, Faculty of Economics and Social Sciences, University of Freiburg/Fribourg Switzerland.
    20. Jiaming Mao & Jingzhi Xu, 2020. "Ensemble Learning with Statistical and Structural Models," Papers 2006.05308, arXiv.org.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:csdana:v:168:y:2022:i:c:s0167947321002334. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/csda .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.