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Optimization of water-cooled chiller system with load-based speed control

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  • Yu, F.W.
  • Chan, K.T.

Abstract

This study investigates the energy performance of chiller and cooling tower systems integrated with variable condenser water flow and optimal speed control for tower fans and condenser water pumps. Thermodynamic-behaviour chiller and cooling tower models were developed to assess how different control methods of cooling towers and condenser water pumps influence the trade-off between the chiller power, pump power, fan power and water consumption under various operating conditions. Load-based speed control is introduced for the tower fans and condenser water pumps to achieve optimum system performance. With regard to an example chiller system serving an office building, the optimal control coupled with variable condenser water flow could reduce the annual system electricity use by 5.3% and operating cost by 4.9% relative to the equivalent system using constant speed fans and pumps with a fixed set point for cooling water temperature control.

Suggested Citation

  • Yu, F.W. & Chan, K.T., 2008. "Optimization of water-cooled chiller system with load-based speed control," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 85(10), pages 931-950, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:85:y:2008:i:10:p:931-950
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Tassou, S.A. & Al-Nizari, H.O., 1993. "Effect of refrigerant flow control on the thermodynamic performances of reciprocating chillers," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 45(2), pages 101-116.
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    Cited by:

    1. Ma, Keyan & Liu, Mingsheng & Zhang, Jili, 2021. "Online optimization method of cooling water system based on the heat transfer model for cooling tower," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 231(C).
    2. Liu, Xue-feng & Liu, Jin-ping & Lu, Ji-dong & Liu, Lei & Zou, Wei, 2012. "Research on operating characteristics of direct-return chilled water system controlled by variable temperature difference," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 40(1), pages 236-249.
    3. Chang, Yung-Chung & Chan, Tien-Shun & Lee, Wen-Shing, 2010. "Economic dispatch of chiller plant by gradient method for saving energy," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 87(4), pages 1096-1101, April.
    4. Guofu Luo & Tianxing Sun & Haoqi Wang & Hao Li & Jiaqi Wang & Zhuang Miao & Honglei Si & Fuliang Che & Gen Liu, 2023. "An Energy-Saving Regulation Framework of Central Air Conditioning Based on Cloud–Edge–Device Architecture," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(3), pages 1-20, January.
    5. Catrini, Pietro & La Villetta, M. & Kumar, Dhirendran Munith & Morale, Massimo & Piacentino, Antonio, 2024. "Analysis of the operation of air-cooled chillers with variable-speed fans for advanced energy-saving-oriented control strategies," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 367(C).
    6. Qinli Deng & Liangxin Xu & Tingfang Zhao & Xuexin Hong & Xiaofang Shan & Zhigang Ren, 2022. "Cooperative Optimization of A Refrigeration System with A Water-Cooled Chiller and Air-Cooled Heat Pump by Coupling BPNN and PSO," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(19), pages 1-19, September.
    7. Chen, Qun & Xu, Yun-Chao & Hao, Jun-Hong, 2014. "An optimization method for gas refrigeration cycle based on the combination of both thermodynamics and entransy theory," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 113(C), pages 982-989.
    8. Tirmizi, Syed A. & Gandhidasan, P. & Zubair, Syed M., 2012. "Performance analysis of a chilled water system with various pumping schemes," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 100(C), pages 238-248.
    9. Ma, Zhenjun & Wang, Shengwei, 2009. "Building energy research in Hong Kong: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 13(8), pages 1870-1883, October.
    10. Hinkelman, Kathryn & Wang, Jing & Zuo, Wangda & Gautier, Antoine & Wetter, Michael & Fan, Chengliang & Long, Nicholas, 2022. "Modelica-based modeling and simulation of district cooling systems: A case study," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 311(C).
    11. Shan, Nannan & Yin, Yonggao & Zhang, Xiaosong, 2018. "Study on performance of a novel energy-efficient heat pump system using liquid desiccant," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 219(C), pages 325-337.
    12. Ma, Zhenjun & Wang, Shengwei, 2011. "Supervisory and optimal control of central chiller plants using simplified adaptive models and genetic algorithm," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 88(1), pages 198-211, January.
    13. Kamal, Rajeev & Moloney, Francesca & Wickramaratne, Chatura & Narasimhan, Arunkumar & Goswami, D.Y., 2019. "Strategic control and cost optimization of thermal energy storage in buildings using EnergyPlus," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 246(C), pages 77-90.
    14. Wang, Yi-Fei & Chen, Qun, 2015. "A direct optimal control strategy of variable speed pumps in heat exchanger networks and experimental validations," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 85(C), pages 609-619.
    15. Wang, Yijun & Jin, Xinqiao & Shi, Wantao & Wang, Jiangqing, 2019. "Online chiller loading strategy based on the near-optimal performance map for energy conservation," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 238(C), pages 1444-1451.
    16. Ma, Jiaze & Wang, Yufei & Feng, Xiao, 2018. "Optimization of multi-plants cooling water system," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 150(C), pages 797-815.
    17. Huang, Sen & Zuo, Wangda & Sohn, Michael D., 2016. "Amelioration of the cooling load based chiller sequencing control," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 168(C), pages 204-215.
    18. Ma, Peizheng & Wang, Lin-Shu & Guo, Nianhua, 2014. "Modeling of hydronic radiant cooling of a thermally homeostatic building using a parametric cooling tower," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 127(C), pages 172-181.
    19. Zhou, Chaohui & Ni, Long & Wang, Jun & Yao, Yang, 2020. "Investigation on the performance of ASHP heating system using frequency-conversion technique based on a temperature and hydraulic-balance control strategy," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 147(P1), pages 141-154.
    20. Chang, Chun-Cheng & Shieh, Shyan-Shu & Jang, Shi-Shang & Wu, Chan-Wei & Tsou, Ying, 2015. "Energy conservation improvement and ON–OFF switch times reduction for an existing VFD-fan-based cooling tower," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 154(C), pages 491-499.
    21. Mu, Baojie & Li, Yaoyu & House, John M. & Salsbury, Timothy I., 2017. "Real-time optimization of a chilled water plant with parallel chillers based on extremum seeking control," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 208(C), pages 766-781.
    22. Gao, Dian-ce & Wang, Shengwei & Sun, Yongjun & Xiao, Fu, 2012. "Diagnosis of the low temperature difference syndrome in the chilled water system of a super high-rise building: A case study," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 98(C), pages 597-606.

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