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Performances of single and double basin solar-stills

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  • Al-Karaghouli, A. A.
  • Alnaser, W. E.

Abstract

Two solar stills (single basin and double decker) were fabricated and tested. Both have the same basin area. The inner dimensions of each was 90x50 cm (effective area 0.45 m2). For the double-decker basin solar still, the upper glass cover and the first basin were tilted at 12° with respect to the horizontal, while for the single basin solar still, the glass cover was tilted at 36° with respect to the horizontal. Several copper-constantan thermocouples were installed in both stills to measure the temperatures of the glass cover, the chamber, the water and the ambient-air. The hourly amount of extracted distilled water, the various temperatures and the insolation were monitored for a 5-month period (February-->June). Two types of measurements were performed; one with the still-sides insulated and the other without. The monthly average total daily-distilled water production was highest in June for both types of stills because the insolation during this month is higher than that in any other month during the testing period. For the double-basin still, with sides insulated, the June production was 1760 ml/day (3.91 l/m2/day), and, for the sides not insulated case, the total daily amount was 1410 ml/day (3.13 l/m2/day). For the single-basin still, the June daily production was 1280 ml/day (2.84 l/m2/day) in the case of the still with sides insulated and 1105 ml (2.455 l/m2/day) for the sides not insulated. In February, March, April and May, the average total daily productions were 1045, 1340, 1420 and 1630 ml/day in the case of stills with insulated sides and 843, 936, 1045 and 1180 ml/day in the case with the sides not insulated for the double-basin still respectively. For the single-basin still, the production was 720, 765, 890 and 1010 ml/day in the case of stills with insulated sides, respectively, and 655, 745, 810 and 945 ml in the case of sides not insulated, respectively. Adding 2.5 cm of styrobore insulation material to the solar stills' sides causes a noticeable increase in its rate of water production. The daily average still production for the double-basin still is around 40% higher than the production of the single-basin still.

Suggested Citation

  • Al-Karaghouli, A. A. & Alnaser, W. E., 2004. "Performances of single and double basin solar-stills," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 78(3), pages 347-354, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:78:y:2004:i:3:p:347-354
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Mohamad, M. A. & Soliman, S. H. & Abdel-Salam, M. S. & Hussein, H. M. S., 1995. "Experimental and financial investigation of asymmetrical solar stills with different insulation," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 52(2-3), pages 265-271.
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    1. Muftah, Ali. F. & Alghoul, M.A. & Fudholi, Ahmad & Abdul-Majeed, M.M. & Sopian, K., 2014. "Factors affecting basin type solar still productivity: A detailed review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 32(C), pages 430-447.
    2. Chen, Yih-Hang & Li, Yu-Wei & Chang, Hsuan, 2012. "Optimal design and control of solar driven air gap membrane distillation desalination systems," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 100(C), pages 193-204.
    3. El-Sebaii, A.A. & El-Bialy, E., 2015. "Advanced designs of solar desalination systems: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 49(C), pages 1198-1212.
    4. Mahkamov, Khamid & Orda, Eugene & Belgasim, Basim & Makhkamova, Irina, 2015. "A novel small dynamic solar thermal desalination plant with a fluid piston converter," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 156(C), pages 715-726.
    5. Reif, John H. & Alhalabi, Wadee, 2015. "Solar-thermal powered desalination: Its significant challenges and potential," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 48(C), pages 152-165.
    6. Obai Younis & Ahmed Kadhim Hussein & Mohammed El Hadi Attia & Hakim S. Sultan Aljibori & Lioua Kolsi & Hussein Togun & Bagh Ali & Aissa Abderrahmane & Khanyaluck Subkrajang & Anuwat Jirawattanapanit, 2022. "Comprehensive Review on Solar Stills—Latest Developments and Overview," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(16), pages 1-59, August.
    7. El-Ghonemy, A.M.K., 2012. "Water desalination systems powered by renewable energy sources: Review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 16(3), pages 1537-1556.
    8. Gude, Veera Gnaneswar & Nirmalakhandan, Nagamany & Deng, Shuguang & Maganti, Anand, 2012. "Low temperature desalination using solar collectors augmented by thermal energy storage," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 91(1), pages 466-474.
    9. Rabhy, Omar O. & Adam, I.G. & Elsayed Youssef, M. & Rashad, A.B. & Hassan, Gasser E., 2019. "Numerical and experimental analyses of a transparent solar distiller for an agricultural greenhouse," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 253(C), pages 1-1.
    10. Husam S. Al-Duais & Muhammad Azzam Ismail & Zakaria Alcheikh Mahmoud Awad & Karam M. Al-Obaidi, 2022. "Performance Evaluation of Solar-Powered Atmospheric Water Harvesting Using Different Glazing Materials in the Tropical Built Environment: An Experimental Study," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(9), pages 1-19, April.
    11. Xie, Guo & Sun, Licheng & Yan, Tiantong & Tang, Jiguo & Bao, Jingjing & Du, Min, 2018. "Model development and experimental verification for tubular solar still operating under vacuum condition," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 157(C), pages 115-130.
    12. Xiao, Gang & Wang, Xihui & Ni, Mingjiang & Wang, Fei & Zhu, Weijun & Luo, Zhongyang & Cen, Kefa, 2013. "A review on solar stills for brine desalination," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 103(C), pages 642-652.
    13. El-Ghonemy, A.M.K., 2012. "Future sustainable water desalination technologies for the Saudi Arabia: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 16(9), pages 6566-6597.
    14. Ismail, Basel I., 2009. "Design and performance of a transportable hemispherical solar still," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 34(1), pages 145-150.
    15. Karimi Estahbanati, M.R. & Feilizadeh, Mehrzad & Jafarpur, Khosrow & Feilizadeh, Mansoor & Rahimpour, Mohammad Reza, 2015. "Experimental investigation of a multi-effect active solar still: The effect of the number of stages," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 137(C), pages 46-55.
    16. Feilizadeh, Mansoor & Karimi Estahbanati, M.R. & Jafarpur, Khosrow & Roostaazad, Reza & Feilizadeh, Mehrzad & Taghvaei, Hamed, 2015. "Year-round outdoor experiments on a multi-stage active solar still with different numbers of solar collectors," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 152(C), pages 39-46.
    17. Karimi Estahbanati, M.R. & Ahsan, Amimul & Feilizadeh, Mehrzad & Jafarpur, Khosrow & Ashrafmansouri, Seyedeh-Saba & Feilizadeh, Mansoor, 2016. "Theoretical and experimental investigation on internal reflectors in a single-slope solar still," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 165(C), pages 537-547.
    18. Maddah, Hisham A. & Bassyouni, M. & Abdel-Aziz, M.H. & Zoromba, M. Sh & Al-Hossainy, A.F., 2020. "Performance estimation of a mini-passive solar still via machine learning," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 162(C), pages 489-503.
    19. Rajaseenivasan, T. & Murugavel, K. Kalidasa & Elango, T. & Hansen, R. Samuel, 2013. "A review of different methods to enhance the productivity of the multi-effect solar still," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 17(C), pages 248-259.

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