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Delay-tolerant hierarchical distributed control for DC microgrid clusters considering microgrid autonomy

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  • Chen, Yongpan
  • Zhao, Jinghan
  • Wan, Keting
  • Yu, Miao

Abstract

A microgrid cluster (MGC) is formed by interconnected geographically adjacent microgrids (MGs), which can effectively improve power supply reliability. To fulfill the requirements of coordination between MGs while exerting the autonomy ability of each MG, this paper proposes a hierarchical distributed control method for DC MGCs with MG autonomous-cooperative mode switching. The proposed method can not only realize the proportional current sharing between the MGs and the voltage regulation of the common bus but also allow MGs to operate in autonomous or cooperative mode by establishing and disconnecting the inter-MG communication links. In addition, considering that the delay of inter-MG communication links affects multiple control links of the proposed control method, a delay-dependent stability analysis method based on Padé approximation and eigenvalue spectrum comparison is proposed. By stability analysis, the time delay margin (TDM) is determined, and the key link that determines the TDM is identified as the observer based on the proportional-integral (PI) consensus algorithm. On this basis, the scattering transformation (ST) is introduced to improve the stability of the observer under delay and thus enhance the TDM of DC MGCs, which is confirmed by stability analysis based on a new system model integrating node variables and edge variables. Finally, the performance of the proposed control method and stability analysis results are verified by hardware-in-loop (HIL) tests and MATLAB/Simulink simulations

Suggested Citation

  • Chen, Yongpan & Zhao, Jinghan & Wan, Keting & Yu, Miao, 2025. "Delay-tolerant hierarchical distributed control for DC microgrid clusters considering microgrid autonomy," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 378(PB).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:378:y:2025:i:pb:s0306261924022888
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2024.124905
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Dong, Chaoyu & Gao, Qingbin & Xiao, Qian & Yu, Xiaodan & Pekař, Libor & Jia, Hongjie, 2018. "Time-delay stability switching boundary determination for DC microgrid clusters with the distributed control framework," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 228(C), pages 189-204.
    2. Li, Qiang & Gao, Mengkai & Lin, Houfei & Chen, Ziyu & Chen, Minyou, 2019. "MAS-based distributed control method for multi-microgrids with high-penetration renewable energy," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 171(C), pages 284-295.
    3. Xu, Luo & Guo, Qinglai & He, Guannan & Jia, Shuyu & Sun, Hongbin, 2022. "Novel properties of heterogeneous delay in inverter-based cyber–physical microgrids under fully distributed control," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 306(PB).
    4. Tan, Sen & Xie, Peilin & Guerrero, Josep M. & Vasquez, Juan C., 2022. "False Data Injection Cyber-Attacks Detection for Multiple DC Microgrid Clusters," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 310(C).
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