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Maximum efficiency points of a proton-exchange membrane fuel cell system: Theory and experiments

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  • Nurdin, Hendra I.
  • Benmouna, Amel
  • Zhu, Bin
  • Chen, Jiayin
  • Becherif, Mohamed
  • Hissel, Daniel
  • Fletcher, John

Abstract

In this paper, a theoretical expression for the efficiency of a fuel cell system is derived. The studied system consists of a proton-exchange membrane fuel cell stack coupled at its output to a DC/DC boost converter. A fuel cell stack Larminie and Dicks model along with an efficiency curve for our boost converter are fitted using experimental data. One maximum efficiency point for the fuel cell stack coupled to the DC/DC power converter is shown and lies in the safe zone of the fuel cell stack. Experimental results on the fuel cell efficiency, DC/DC efficiency and their association on a test bench indicate a good agreement between the theoretical estimations and the experimentally obtained results at different values of the DC/DC converter output voltage. The results provide strong theoretical and experimental evidence for a unique maximum efficiency point for the fuel cell system and form a basis for developing maximum efficiency point tracking algorithms.

Suggested Citation

  • Nurdin, Hendra I. & Benmouna, Amel & Zhu, Bin & Chen, Jiayin & Becherif, Mohamed & Hissel, Daniel & Fletcher, John, 2024. "Maximum efficiency points of a proton-exchange membrane fuel cell system: Theory and experiments," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 359(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:359:y:2024:i:c:s0306261924000126
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2024.122629
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Bizon, Nicu, 2017. "Energy optimization of fuel cell system by using global extremum seeking algorithm," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 206(C), pages 458-474.
    2. Saadi, A. & Becherif, M. & Aboubou, A. & Ayad, M.Y., 2013. "Comparison of proton exchange membrane fuel cell static models," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 56(C), pages 64-71.
    3. Benmouna, A. & Becherif, M. & Boulon, L. & Dépature, C. & Ramadan, Haitham S., 2021. "Efficient experimental energy management operating for FC/battery/SC vehicles via hybrid Artificial Neural Networks-Passivity Based Control," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 178(C), pages 1291-1302.
    4. Bizon, Nicu, 2014. "Tracking the maximum efficiency point for the FC system based on extremum seeking scheme to control the air flow," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 129(C), pages 147-157.
    5. Becherif, M. & Hissel, D. & Gaagat, S. & Wack, M., 2011. "Electrical equivalent model of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell with experimental validation," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 36(10), pages 2582-2588.
    6. Olabi, A.G. & Wilberforce, Tabbi & Abdelkareem, Mohammad Ali, 2021. "Fuel cell application in the automotive industry and future perspective," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 214(C).
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