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Emission limited model predictive control of a small-scale biomass furnace

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  • Böhler, Lukas
  • Fallmann, Markus
  • Görtler, Gregor
  • Krail, Jürgen
  • Schittl, Florian
  • Kozek, Martin

Abstract

This paper presents the application of an emission limiting model-based predictive controller for a small-scale biomass grate furnace. The furnace has a nominal power of 100 kW with wood pellets as fuel, but it can be operated with different fuels as well. The model predictive approach extends the existing static feedforward controller of the investigated furnace with a dynamic feedback controller that is able to improve the combustion performance. Simultaneously, the formation of carbon monoxide emissions is minimized within the prediction horizon based on an available emission estimation model for pellets. The results obtained from closed-loop measurements show that the control concept is able to reduce carbon monoxide emissions in partial load operation up to four times while the control error of the supply water temperature for heating is nearly halved during transient operation. This is achieved by incorporating the emission estimation model into the constrained optimization of the predictive controller. Additional results obtained from closed-loop experiments for different fuel types with varying water contents demonstrate the advantages of the proposed model-based approach and its robustness with respect to typical uncertainties of the combustion process.

Suggested Citation

  • Böhler, Lukas & Fallmann, Markus & Görtler, Gregor & Krail, Jürgen & Schittl, Florian & Kozek, Martin, 2021. "Emission limited model predictive control of a small-scale biomass furnace," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 285(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:285:y:2021:i:c:s0306261920317797
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2020.116414
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Böhler, Lukas & Krail, Jürgen & Görtler, Gregor & Kozek, Martin, 2020. "Fuzzy model predictive control for small-scale biomass combustion furnaces," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 276(C).
    2. Böhler, Lukas & Görtler, Gregor & Krail, Jürgen & Kozek, Martin, 2019. "Carbon monoxide emission models for small-scale biomass combustion of wooden pellets," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 254(C).
    3. Kortela, J. & Jämsä-Jounela, S.-L., 2014. "Model predictive control utilizing fuel and moisture soft-sensors for the BioPower 5 combined heat and power (CHP) plant," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 131(C), pages 189-200.
    4. Caposciutti, Gianluca & Barontini, Federica & Antonelli, Marco & Tognotti, Leonardo & Desideri, Umberto, 2018. "Experimental investigation on the air excess and air displacement influence on early stage and complete combustion gaseous emissions of a small scale fixed bed biomass boiler," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 216(C), pages 576-587.
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    Cited by:

    1. Chen, Tao & Sjöblom, Jonas & Ström, Henrik, 2022. "Numerical investigations of soot generation during wood-log combustion," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 325(C).
    2. Stanisławski, Rafał & Robert Junga, & Nitsche, Marek, 2022. "Reduction of the CO emission from wood pellet small-scale boiler using model-based control," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 243(C).

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