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Design and analysis of a low-carbon lignite/biomass-to-jet fuel demonstration project

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  • Larson, Eric D.
  • Kreutz, Thomas G.
  • Greig, Chris
  • Williams, Robert H.
  • Rooney, Tim
  • Gray, Edward
  • Elsido, Cristina
  • Martelli, Emanuele
  • Meerman, Johannes C.

Abstract

Biomass-derived synthetic jet fuel with low net greenhouse gas emissions can help decarbonize aviation. Demonstration projects are required to show technical feasibility and give confidence to investors in large commercial-scale deployments. Most previous literature focuses on assessing future commercial-scale systems, for which performance and costs will differ considerably from demonstration projects. Here, a detailed analysis is presented for a first-of-a-kind demonstration plant that would be built in the Southeastern US. The plant, which cogasifies biomass and lignite and captures CO2 prior to Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, was designed and simulated using Aspen Plus. The process heat recovery system was designed using a systematic optimization method. Lifecycle analysis was used to assess net greenhouse gas emissions. Capital and operating cost estimates were developed in collaboration with a major engineering firm. The plant produces 1252 barrels per day (80% jet fuel), exports 15 MWe (net), and has a net energy efficiency of 35.8% (lower heating value). Captured CO2 (1326 t/d) is sold for use in enhanced oil recovery. With biomass coming from sustainably-managed pine plantations, net lifecycle greenhouse gas emissions are well below those for petroleum jet fuel. The estimated range of capital required to build the plant is 3875–5762 $/kWth of feedstock input (2015$). As expected for a small demonstration designed to minimize technological risks, subsidies are required for the jet fuel product to compete with petroleum jet fuel. Technology innovations, learning via construction and operating experience, and larger plant scales will improve the economics of future commercial plants.

Suggested Citation

  • Larson, Eric D. & Kreutz, Thomas G. & Greig, Chris & Williams, Robert H. & Rooney, Tim & Gray, Edward & Elsido, Cristina & Martelli, Emanuele & Meerman, Johannes C., 2020. "Design and analysis of a low-carbon lignite/biomass-to-jet fuel demonstration project," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 260(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:260:y:2020:i:c:s0306261919318963
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2019.114209
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    2. Moaaz Shehab & Kai Moshammer & Meik Franke & Edwin Zondervan, 2023. "Analysis of the Potential of Meeting the EU’s Sustainable Aviation Fuel Targets in 2030 and 2050," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(12), pages 1-20, June.
    3. Salas, D.A. & Boero, A.J. & Ramirez, A.D., 2024. "Life cycle assessment of bioenergy with carbon capture and storage: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 199(C).
    4. Subin Jung & Hyojin Jung & Yuchan Ahn, 2022. "Optimal Economic–Environmental Design of Heat Exchanger Network in Naphtha Cracking Center Considering Fuel Type and CO 2 Emissions," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(24), pages 1-14, December.
    5. Kreutz, Thomas G. & Larson, Eric D. & Elsido, Cristina & Martelli, Emanuele & Greig, Chris & Williams, Robert H., 2020. "Techno-economic prospects for producing Fischer-Tropsch jet fuel and electricity from lignite and woody biomass with CO2 capture for EOR," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 279(C).
    6. Bossink, Bart, 2020. "Learning strategies in sustainable energy demonstration projects: What organizations learn from sustainable energy demonstrations," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 131(C).
    7. Cheng, Fangwei & Luo, Hongxi & Jenkins, Jesse D. & Larson, Eric D., 2023. "The value of low- and negative-carbon fuels in the transition to net-zero emission economies: Lifecycle greenhouse gas emissions and cost assessments across multiple fuel types," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 331(C).

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