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Techno-economic analysis of high-efficiency natural-gas generators for residential combined heat and power

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  • Vishwanathan, Gokul
  • Sculley, Julian P.
  • Fischer, Adam
  • Zhao, Ji-Cheng

Abstract

Residential combined heat and power (CHP) systems produce electricity onsite while utilizing waste heat to supplement home heating requirements, which can lead to significant reductions in CO2 emissions and primary energy consumption. However, the current deployment of such CHP systems in the U.S. residential sector is extremely low primarily due to their high cost, short system life, and low system efficiency. Based on an analysis of average energy consumption of representative single-family homes in 10 U.S. cities across 7 different climate zones, it is concluded that there is no one-size-fits-all residential CHP system, but that a range of products are more likely to reflect consumer preferences. It is further identified via a systematic techno-economic analysis (TEA) that high-efficiency (e.g., 30–40% fuel to electricity), long-life (e.g., 15 years), low-cost (preferably less than U.S. $2,500 installed price), and low emissions are key requirements to enable widespread deployment of CHP systems in the U.S. residential sector. This article analyzes how the payback period would change for each city by varying nearly a dozen parameters and concludes with an evaluation on maximum market penetration based on a given set of parameters, and the resulting energy and emissions savings that can be practically achieved in some scenarios.

Suggested Citation

  • Vishwanathan, Gokul & Sculley, Julian P. & Fischer, Adam & Zhao, Ji-Cheng, 2018. "Techno-economic analysis of high-efficiency natural-gas generators for residential combined heat and power," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 226(C), pages 1064-1075.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:226:y:2018:i:c:p:1064-1075
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.06.013
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    1. Ali Sulaiman Alsagri & Abdulrahman A. Alrobaian, 2022. "Optimization of Combined Heat and Power Systems by Meta-Heuristic Algorithms: An Overview," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(16), pages 1-34, August.
    2. Romero-Quete, David & Garcia, Javier Rosero, 2019. "An affine arithmetic-model predictive control approach for optimal economic dispatch of combined heat and power microgrids," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 242(C), pages 1436-1447.
    3. Kim, Min Jae & Kim, Tong Seop & Flores, Robert J. & Brouwer, Jack, 2020. "Neural-network-based optimization for economic dispatch of combined heat and power systems," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 265(C).
    4. Laugs, Gideon A.H. & Benders, René M.J. & Moll, Henri C., 2024. "Maximizing self-sufficiency and minimizing grid interaction: Combining electric and molecular energy storage for decentralized balancing of variable renewable energy in local energy systems," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 229(C).
    5. Darzi, Mahdi & Johnson, Derek & Ulishney, Chris & Clark, Nigel, 2018. "Low pressure direct injection strategies effect on a small SI natural gas two-stroke engine’s energy distribution and emissions," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 230(C), pages 1585-1602.
    6. Pavel Atănăsoae, 2020. "Technical and Economic Assessment of Micro-Cogeneration Systems for Residential Applications," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(3), pages 1-19, February.

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