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Structural design of a flexible thermoelectric power generator for wearable applications

Author

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  • Kim, Choong Sun
  • Lee, Gyu Soup
  • Choi, Hyeongdo
  • Kim, Yong Jun
  • Yang, Hyeong Man
  • Lim, Se Hwan
  • Lee, Sang-Gug
  • Cho, Byung Jin

Abstract

Self-powered wearable electronic devices are expected to be one of the mainstream technologies for future portable electronic systems. As an energy harvester to power wearable electronic devices, a flexible thermoelectric generator (f-TEG) can utilize human body heat as the energy source, creating an ideal solution. The f-TEG can make conformal contact to the human skin and fully utilize body heat with minimal energy loss, while also being comfortable to wear. However, to maximize the power generated by an f-TEG attached to the human body, a careful thermal and structural design analysis of the f-TEG must be carried out. Here, we fabricated flexible thermoelectric generators (f-TEGs) with different device parameters and evaluated their power generating performance using an artificial arm, which was carefully designed to mimic a real human arm. We demonstrated the impact of the f-TEG device parameters on the power generation performance under various circumstances. The experimental results were compared with the theoretical model, and guidelines for an optimum device design in terms of maximizing the generated power density are also presented. Finally, we show that the optimum device structure varies when the efficiency of the power management IC (PMIC) is included in the analysis of the power generation system, which is practically important.

Suggested Citation

  • Kim, Choong Sun & Lee, Gyu Soup & Choi, Hyeongdo & Kim, Yong Jun & Yang, Hyeong Man & Lim, Se Hwan & Lee, Sang-Gug & Cho, Byung Jin, 2018. "Structural design of a flexible thermoelectric power generator for wearable applications," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 214(C), pages 131-138.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:214:y:2018:i:c:p:131-138
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.01.074
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Pietrzyk, Kyle & Soares, Joseph & Ohara, Brandon & Lee, Hohyun, 2016. "Power generation modeling for a wearable thermoelectric energy harvester with practical limitations," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 183(C), pages 218-228.
    2. Wang, Yancheng & Shi, Yaoguang & Mei, Deqing & Chen, Zichen, 2017. "Wearable thermoelectric generator for harvesting heat on the curved human wrist," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 205(C), pages 710-719.
    3. Hyland, Melissa & Hunter, Haywood & Liu, Jie & Veety, Elena & Vashaee, Daryoosh, 2016. "Wearable thermoelectric generators for human body heat harvesting," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 182(C), pages 518-524.
    4. Eom, Yoomin & Wijethunge, Dimuthu & Park, Hwanjoo & Park, Sang Hyun & Kim, Woochul, 2017. "Flexible thermoelectric power generation system based on rigid inorganic bulk materials," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 206(C), pages 649-656.
    5. Suarez, Francisco & Parekh, Dishit P. & Ladd, Collin & Vashaee, Daryoosh & Dickey, Michael D. & Öztürk, Mehmet C., 2017. "Flexible thermoelectric generator using bulk legs and liquid metal interconnects for wearable electronics," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 202(C), pages 736-745.
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    3. Abdul Mageeth, Aqeel Mohammed & Park, SungJin & Jeong, Myunghwan & Kim, Woochul & Yu, Choongho, 2020. "Planar-type thermally chargeable supercapacitor without an effective heat sink and performance variations with layer thickness and operation conditions," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 268(C).
    4. Yuan, Jinfeng & Zhu, Rong, 2020. "A fully self-powered wearable monitoring system with systematically optimized flexible thermoelectric generator," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 271(C).
    5. Liang, Jia & Huang, Muzhang & Zhang, Xuefei & Wan, Chunlei, 2022. "Structural design for wearable self-powered thermoelectric modules with efficient temperature difference utilization and high normalized maximum power density," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 327(C).
    6. Lee, Gyusoup & Kim, Choong Sun & Kim, Seongho & Kim, Yong Jun & Choi, Hyeongdo & Cho, Byung Jin, 2019. "Flexible heatsink based on a phase-change material for a wearable thermoelectric generator," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 179(C), pages 12-18.
    7. Sijing Zhu & Zheng Fan & Baoquan Feng & Runze Shi & Zexin Jiang & Ying Peng & Jie Gao & Lei Miao & Kunihito Koumoto, 2022. "Review on Wearable Thermoelectric Generators: From Devices to Applications," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(9), pages 1-27, May.
    8. Nozariasbmarz, Amin & Collins, Henry & Dsouza, Kelvin & Polash, Mobarak Hossain & Hosseini, Mahshid & Hyland, Melissa & Liu, Jie & Malhotra, Abhishek & Ortiz, Francisco Matos & Mohaddes, Farzad & Rame, 2020. "Review of wearable thermoelectric energy harvesting: From body temperature to electronic systems," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 258(C).
    9. Lv, Jin-Ran & Ma, Jin-Lei & Dai, Lu & Yin, Tao & He, Zhi-Zhu, 2022. "A high-performance wearable thermoelectric generator with comprehensive optimization of thermal resistance and voltage boosting conversion," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 312(C).
    10. Park, Hwanjoo & Eom, Yoomin & Lee, Dongkeon & Kim, Jiyong & Kim, Hoon & Park, Gimin & Kim, Woochul, 2019. "High power output based on watch-strap-shaped body heat harvester using bulk thermoelectric materials," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 187(C).
    11. Liu, Shuang & Hu, Bingkun & Liu, Dawei & Li, Fu & Li, Jing-Feng & Li, Bo & Li, Liangliang & Lin, Yuan-Hua & Nan, Ce-Wen, 2018. "Micro-thermoelectric generators based on through glass pillars with high output voltage enabled by large temperature difference," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 225(C), pages 600-610.
    12. Kong, Deyue & Zhu, Wei & Guo, Zhanpeng & Deng, Yuan, 2019. "High-performance flexible Bi2Te3 films based wearable thermoelectric generator for energy harvesting," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 175(C), pages 292-299.
    13. Sargolzaeiaval, Yasaman & Padmanabhan Ramesh, Viswanath & Neumann, Taylor V. & Misra, Veena & Vashaee, Daryoosh & Dickey, Michael D. & Öztürk, Mehmet C., 2020. "Flexible thermoelectric generators for body heat harvesting – Enhanced device performance using high thermal conductivity elastomer encapsulation on liquid metal interconnects," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 262(C).
    14. Fan, Zeng & Zhang, Yaoyun & Pan, Lujun & Ouyang, Jianyong & Zhang, Qian, 2021. "Recent developments in flexible thermoelectrics: From materials to devices," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 137(C).
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    16. Lee, Dongkeon & Park, Hwanjoo & Park, Gimin & Kim, Jiyong & Kim, Hoon & Cho, Hanki & Han, Seungwoo & Kim, Woochul, 2019. "Liquid-metal-electrode-based compact, flexible, and high-power thermoelectric device," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 188(C).

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