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Planar-type thermally chargeable supercapacitor without an effective heat sink and performance variations with layer thickness and operation conditions

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  • Abdul Mageeth, Aqeel Mohammed
  • Park, SungJin
  • Jeong, Myunghwan
  • Kim, Woochul
  • Yu, Choongho

Abstract

Thermally chargeable supercapacitor (TCSC) is a good candidate for simultaneous energy harvesting and storage in wearable and internet-of-things (IoT) electronic devices. Here we report planar-type TCSC made of graphene oxide layers intercalated with sulfate ions (SGO) acting as electrolytes/separators and reduced SGO layers (rSGO) as electrodes. The planar type configuration has advantage in creating a large temperature difference but the amount of charge or current is limited due to the relatively small cross sectional area. In addition, this type of thermal energy harvesters often suffer from a small temperature difference due to the large thermal resistance of ambient air when heat is not rigorously removed by a heat sink or/and forced convection. Here, we tested the performance of TCSC without an effective heat sink when the thickness of the SGO layer was increased along with different concentration of sulfuric acid and humidity. It was found that thicker SGO and higher humidity resulted in higher capacitance. The thermopower of TCSC was measured to be high (4.53 mV/K) under 50% relative humidity environment, and time-dependent energy harvesting by thermal charging and then energy usage by electrical discharging have been demonstrated. Temperature distributions in TCSC mounted on a forearm were simulated when the convective heat transfer coefficients on TCSC and skin as well as heat conduction through TCSC are altered. Under higher (or lower) convective heat transfer conditions considering the thermal contact resistance between TCSC and skin, it is advantageous to have higher (or lower) heat conduction through TCSC for larger temperature gradients across TCSC. Temperature distribution in TCSC was also experimentally tested, demonstrating that it is feasible to maintain a temperature difference of ~4 °C across TCSC and an output voltage of ~20 mV. The experimental outcomes could provide insight for harvesting thermal energy for wearable and distributed electronics without an effective heat sink in practice.

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  • Abdul Mageeth, Aqeel Mohammed & Park, SungJin & Jeong, Myunghwan & Kim, Woochul & Yu, Choongho, 2020. "Planar-type thermally chargeable supercapacitor without an effective heat sink and performance variations with layer thickness and operation conditions," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 268(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:268:y:2020:i:c:s0306261920304876
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2020.114975
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Kim, Choong Sun & Lee, Gyu Soup & Choi, Hyeongdo & Kim, Yong Jun & Yang, Hyeong Man & Lim, Se Hwan & Lee, Sang-Gug & Cho, Byung Jin, 2018. "Structural design of a flexible thermoelectric power generator for wearable applications," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 214(C), pages 131-138.
    2. Suarez, Francisco & Parekh, Dishit P. & Ladd, Collin & Vashaee, Daryoosh & Dickey, Michael D. & Öztürk, Mehmet C., 2017. "Flexible thermoelectric generator using bulk legs and liquid metal interconnects for wearable electronics," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 202(C), pages 736-745.
    3. Park, Hwanjoo & Eom, Yoomin & Lee, Dongkeon & Kim, Jiyong & Kim, Hoon & Park, Gimin & Kim, Woochul, 2019. "High power output based on watch-strap-shaped body heat harvester using bulk thermoelectric materials," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 187(C).
    4. Eom, Yoomin & Wijethunge, Dimuthu & Park, Hwanjoo & Park, Sang Hyun & Kim, Woochul, 2017. "Flexible thermoelectric power generation system based on rigid inorganic bulk materials," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 206(C), pages 649-656.
    5. Lee, Dongkeon & Park, Hwanjoo & Park, Gimin & Kim, Jiyong & Kim, Hoon & Cho, Hanki & Han, Seungwoo & Kim, Woochul, 2019. "Liquid-metal-electrode-based compact, flexible, and high-power thermoelectric device," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 188(C).
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    1. Park, Gimin & Kim, Jiyong & Woo, Seungjai & Yu, Jinwoo & Khan, Salman & Kim, Sang Kyu & Lee, Hotaik & Lee, Soyoung & Kwon, Boksoon & Kim, Woochul, 2022. "Modeling heat transfer in humans for body heat harvesting and personal thermal management," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 323(C).

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