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Improved PEM fuel cell system operation with cascaded stack and ejector-based recirculation

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  • Jenssen, Dirk
  • Berger, Oliver
  • Krewer, Ulrike

Abstract

An automotive fuel cell system combining a variable-geometry ejector and a fuel cell stack with cascaded anode is presented. It allows to decrease the minimum operational power range by increasing recirculation performance of the ejector. Design boundaries for the fuel cell anode are used to investigate four different designs of fuel cell stack with cascaded anode. For these designs, ejectors with variable-geometry are developed and their performance in combination with the fuel cell stacks are investigated using CFD simulations. A combination of a variable-geometry ejector with a two stage cascaded stack design is shown to exhibit a better recirculation performance at low power outputs than systems with conventional stack design. It is demonstrated experimentally that the new fuel cell design achieves similar performance and stability on a test bench compared to conventional stack design.

Suggested Citation

  • Jenssen, Dirk & Berger, Oliver & Krewer, Ulrike, 2017. "Improved PEM fuel cell system operation with cascaded stack and ejector-based recirculation," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 195(C), pages 324-333.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:195:y:2017:i:c:p:324-333
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.03.002
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Rabbani, Abid & Rokni, Masoud, 2013. "Effect of nitrogen crossover on purging strategy in PEM fuel cell systems," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 111(C), pages 1061-1070.
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    Cited by:

    1. Wang, Bowen & Deng, Hao & Jiao, Kui, 2018. "Purge strategy optimization of proton exchange membrane fuel cell with anode recirculation," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 225(C), pages 1-13.
    2. Tang, Yongzhi & Liu, Zhongliang & Shi, Can & Li, Yanxia, 2018. "A novel steam ejector with pressure regulation to optimize the entrained flow passage for performance improvement in MED-TVC desalination system," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 158(C), pages 305-316.
    3. Steinberger, Michael & Geiling, Johannes & Oechsner, Richard & Frey, Lothar, 2018. "Anode recirculation and purge strategies for PEM fuel cell operation with diluted hydrogen feed gas," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 232(C), pages 572-582.
    4. Jianmei Feng & Jiquan Han & Zihui Pang & Xueyuan Peng, 2023. "Designing Hydrogen Recirculation Ejectors for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(3), pages 1-10, January.
    5. Kuo, Jenn-Kun & Hsieh, Chun-Yao, 2021. "Numerical investigation into effects of ejector geometry and operating conditions on hydrogen recirculation ratio in 80 kW PEM fuel cell system," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 233(C).
    6. Hou, Junbo & Yang, Min & Zhang, Junliang, 2020. "Active and passive fuel recirculation for solid oxide and proton exchange membrane fuel cells," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 155(C), pages 1355-1371.
    7. Masoud Arabbeiki & Mohsen Mansourkiaei & Domenico Ferrero & Massimo Santarelli, 2024. "Ejectors in Hydrogen Recirculation for PEMFC-Based Systems: A Comprehensive Review of Design, Operation, and Numerical Simulations," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(19), pages 1-22, September.
    8. Ding, Hongbing & Dong, Yuanyuan & Zhang, Yu & Yang, Yan & Wen, Chuang, 2023. "Energy efficiency assessment of hydrogen recirculation ejectors for proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) system," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 346(C).
    9. Ou, Kai & Yuan, Wei-Wei & Kim, Young-Bae, 2021. "Development of optimal energy management for a residential fuel cell hybrid power system with heat recovery," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 219(C).
    10. Song, Yajie & Wang, Xinli & Wang, Lei & Pan, Fengwen & Chen, Wenmiao & Xi, Fuqiang, 2021. "A twin-nozzle ejector for hydrogen recirculation in wide power operation of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell system," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 300(C).
    11. Thomas Kadyk & Christopher Winnefeld & Richard Hanke-Rauschenbach & Ulrike Krewer, 2018. "Analysis and Design of Fuel Cell Systems for Aviation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(2), pages 1-15, February.
    12. Pei, Pucheng & Ren, Peng & Li, Yuehua & Wu, Ziyao & Chen, Dongfang & Huang, Shangwei & Jia, Xiaoning, 2019. "Numerical studies on wide-operating-range ejector based on anodic pressure drop characteristics in proton exchange membrane fuel cell system," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 235(C), pages 729-738.

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