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Considering economic and geological uncertainty in the simulation of realistic investment decisions for CO2-EOR projects in the North Sea

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  • Welkenhuysen, Kris
  • Rupert, Jort
  • Compernolle, Tine
  • Ramirez, Andrea
  • Swennen, Rudy
  • Piessens, Kris

Abstract

The use of anthropogenic CO2 for enhancing oil recovery from mature oil fields in the North Sea has several potential benefits, and a number of assessments have been conducted. It remains, however, difficult to realistically simulate the economic circumstances and decisions, while including the economic uncertainties that surround the relevant markets and policies, and the geological and technological uncertainties that are inherent to dealing with reservoirs and novel technologies in a challenging environment. A new method is proposed here introducing a unique combination of innovations, that include true limited foresight, project flexibility, and the consideration of realistic investment risk. The value of project is here expressed as the Net Present Value (NPV). These elements are combined in the PSS IV simulator. This is a techno-economic simulator for CO2-enhanced oil recovery (CO2-EOR), which applies limited foresight and Real Options Analysis to make realistic investment decisions on projects with significant uncertainties and thus risk. Consecutive project decisions are taken based on a decision tree. Multiple oil fields can be approached as a single cluster project, which can provide a lower investment hurdle. In a first test case for PSS IV, the Claymore and Scott oil fields are assessed, and it is shown that economic simulations where EOR projects are regarded as a sum of the individual field assessments will undervalue projects. Simulation results show that results are in a realistic range compared to published numbers, with individual project values for the Claymore field on average of 15.8€/barrel (bbl; standard deviation SD=8.3) and for the Scott field of 14.3€/bbl (SD=8.6). Due to the inclusion of uncertainties and the application of limited foresight, results range from −6€/bbl (loss) to over 30€/bbl. In a cluster configuration 5€/bbl of additional value is created.

Suggested Citation

  • Welkenhuysen, Kris & Rupert, Jort & Compernolle, Tine & Ramirez, Andrea & Swennen, Rudy & Piessens, Kris, 2017. "Considering economic and geological uncertainty in the simulation of realistic investment decisions for CO2-EOR projects in the North Sea," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 185(P1), pages 745-761.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:185:y:2017:i:p1:p:745-761
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.10.105
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    Cited by:

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    2. Fan, Jing-Li & Xu, Mao & Yang, Lin & Zhang, Xian, 2019. "Benefit evaluation of investment in CCS retrofitting of coal-fired power plants and PV power plants in China based on real options," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 115(C).
    3. Gkousis, Spiros & Welkenhuysen, Kris & Harcouët-Menou, Virginie & Pogacnik, Justin & Laenen, Ben & Compernolle, Tine, 2024. "Integrated geo-techno-economic and real options analysis of the decision to invest in a medium enthalpy deep geothermal heating plant. A case study in Northern Belgium," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 134(C).
    4. Rui, Zhenhua & Wang, Xiaoqing & Zhang, Zhien & Lu, Jun & Chen, Gang & Zhou, Xiyu & Patil, Shirish, 2018. "A realistic and integrated model for evaluating oil sands development with Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage technology in Canada," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 213(C), pages 76-91.
    5. Dai, Zhenxue & Zhang, Ye & Bielicki, Jeffrey & Amooie, Mohammad Amin & Zhang, Mingkan & Yang, Changbing & Zou, Youqin & Ampomah, William & Xiao, Ting & Jia, Wei & Middleton, Richard & Zhang, Wen & Sun, 2018. "Heterogeneity-assisted carbon dioxide storage in marine sediments," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 225(C), pages 876-883.
    6. Chen, Bailian & Harp, Dylan R. & Lin, Youzuo & Keating, Elizabeth H. & Pawar, Rajesh J., 2018. "Geologic CO2 sequestration monitoring design: A machine learning and uncertainty quantification based approach," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 225(C), pages 332-345.
    7. Wegner, Marie-Sophie & Hall, Stephen & Hardy, Jeffrey & Workman, Mark, 2017. "Valuing energy futures; a comparative analysis of value pools across UK energy system scenarios," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 206(C), pages 815-828.
    8. Chi Yong & Mu Tong & Zhongyi Yang & Jixian Zhou, 2023. "Conventional Natural Gas Project Investment and Decision Making under Multiple Uncertainties," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(5), pages 1-30, February.
    9. Wang, Xiao & van ’t Veld, Klaas & Marcy, Peter & Huzurbazar, Snehalata & Alvarado, Vladimir, 2018. "Economic co-optimization of oil recovery and CO2 sequestration," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 222(C), pages 132-147.
    10. Wu, Jiafeng & Chen, Yaping & Zhu, Zilong & Zheng, Shuxing, 2020. "Analysis on full CO2 capture schemes in NG/O2 combustion gas and steam mixture cycle (GSMC)," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 191(C).
    11. Ampomah, W. & Balch, R.S. & Cather, M. & Will, R. & Gunda, D. & Dai, Z. & Soltanian, M.R., 2017. "Optimum design of CO2 storage and oil recovery under geological uncertainty," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 195(C), pages 80-92.

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