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Hydrodynamic changes imposed by tidal energy converters on extracting energy on a real case scenario

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  • Pacheco, A.
  • Ferreira, Ó.

Abstract

The development on tidal turbine technology is ongoing with focus on several aspects, including hydrodynamics, operation and environment. Before considering an area for exploitation, tidal energy resource assessments in pre-feasibility energy extraction areas must include the relevant characteristics of the device to be used. The present paper uses the momentum source approach to represent a floatable tidal energy converter (TECs) in a coastal hydro-morphodynamic model and to perform model simulations utilising different TEC array schemes by quantifying the aggregated drag coefficient of the device array. Simulations for one-month periods with nested models were performed to evaluate the hydrodynamic impacts of energy extraction using as output parameters the reduction in velocity and water-level variation differences against a no-extraction scenario. The case study focuses on representing the deployment of floatable E35 Evopod TECs in Sanda Sound (South Kintyre, Argyll, Scotland). The range in power output values from the simulations clearly reflects the importance of choosing the location of the array, as slight changes in the location (of <1km) can approximately double the potential power output. However, the doubling of the installed capacity of TECs doubles the mean velocity deficit and water-level differences in the area surrounding the extraction point. These differences are amplified by a maximum factor of 4 during peak flood/ebb during spring tides. In the simulations, the drag coefficient is set to be constant, which represents a fixed operational state of the turbine, and is a limitation of coastal models of this type that cannot presently be solved. Nevertheless, the nesting of models with different resolutions, as presented in this paper, makes it possible to achieve continuous improvements in the accuracy of the quantification of momentum loss by representing turbine characteristics close to the scale of the turbine.

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  • Pacheco, A. & Ferreira, Ó., 2016. "Hydrodynamic changes imposed by tidal energy converters on extracting energy on a real case scenario," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 180(C), pages 369-385.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:180:y:2016:i:c:p:369-385
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.07.132
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    6. González-Gorbeña, Eduardo & Qassim, Raad Y. & Rosman, Paulo C.C., 2018. "Multi-dimensional optimisation of Tidal Energy Converters array layouts considering geometric, economic and environmental constraints," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 116(PA), pages 647-658.
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    9. Fowell, R. & Togneri, M. & Pacheco, A. & Nourrisson, O., 2022. "Use of an environmental proxy to determine turbulence regime surrounding a full-scale tidal turbine deployed within the Fromveur Strait, Brittany, France," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 326(C).
    10. Muhammed Zafar Ali Khan & Haider Ali Khan & Muhammad Aziz, 2022. "Harvesting Energy from Ocean: Technologies and Perspectives," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(9), pages 1-43, May.
    11. Chen, Yaling & Lin, Binliang & Lin, Jie & Wang, Shujie, 2017. "Experimental study of wake structure behind a horizontal axis tidal stream turbine," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 196(C), pages 82-96.
    12. Deng, Guizhong & Zhang, Zhaoru & Li, Ye & Liu, Hailong & Xu, Wentao & Pan, Yulin, 2020. "Prospective of development of large-scale tidal current turbine array: An example numerical investigation of Zhejiang, China," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 264(C).
    13. Tufa, Ramato Ashu & Pawlowski, Sylwin & Veerman, Joost & Bouzek, Karel & Fontananova, Enrica & di Profio, Gianluca & Velizarov, Svetlozar & Goulão Crespo, João & Nijmeijer, Kitty & Curcio, Efrem, 2018. "Progress and prospects in reverse electrodialysis for salinity gradient energy conversion and storage," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 225(C), pages 290-331.
    14. Rodrigues, N. & Pintassilgo, P. & Calhau, F. & González-Gorbeña, E. & Pacheco, A., 2021. "Cost-benefit analysis of tidal energy production in a coastal lagoon: The case of Ria Formosa – Portugal," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 229(C).
    15. Goh, Hooi-Bein & Lai, Sai-Hin & Jameel, Mohammed & Teh, Hee-Min, 2020. "Potential of coastal headlands for tidal energy extraction and the resulting environmental effects along Negeri Sembilan coastlines: A numerical simulation study," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 192(C).
    16. López-Ruiz, Alejandro & Bergillos, Rafael J. & Raffo-Caballero, Juan M. & Ortega-Sánchez, Miguel, 2018. "Towards an optimum design of wave energy converter arrays through an integrated approach of life cycle performance and operational capacity," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 209(C), pages 20-32.
    17. Lo Brutto, Ottavio A. & Guillou, Sylvain S. & Thiébot, Jérôme & Gualous, Hamid, 2017. "Assessing the effectiveness of a global optimum strategy within a tidal farm for power maximization," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 204(C), pages 653-666.

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