IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/appene/v134y2014icp75-89.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

The role of large-scale energy storage design and dispatch in the power grid: A study of very high grid penetration of variable renewable resources

Author

Listed:
  • Solomon, A.A.
  • Kammen, Daniel M.
  • Callaway, D.

Abstract

We present a result of hourly simulation performed using hourly load data and the corresponding simulated output of wind and solar technologies distributed throughout the state of California. We examined how we could achieve very high-energy penetration from intermittent renewable system into the electricity grid. This study shows that the maximum threshold for the storage need is significantly less than the daily average demand. In the present study, we found that the approximate network energy storage is of the order of 186GWh/22GW (approximately 22% of the average daily demands of California). Allowing energy dumping was shown to increase storage use, and by that way, increases grid penetration and reduces the required backup conventional capacity requirements. Using the 186GWh/22GW storage and at 20% total energy loss, grid penetration was increased to approximately 85% of the annual demand of the year while also reducing the conventional backup capacity requirement to 35GW. This capacity was sufficient to supply the year round hourly demand, including 59 GW peak demand, plus a distribution loss of about 5.3%. We conclude that designing an efficient and least cost grid may require the capability to capture diverse physical and operational policy scenarios of the future grid.

Suggested Citation

  • Solomon, A.A. & Kammen, Daniel M. & Callaway, D., 2014. "The role of large-scale energy storage design and dispatch in the power grid: A study of very high grid penetration of variable renewable resources," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 134(C), pages 75-89.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:134:y:2014:i:c:p:75-89
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2014.07.095
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261914007867
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.apenergy.2014.07.095?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Mai, Trieu & Mulcahy, David & Hand, M. Maureen & Baldwin, Samuel F., 2014. "Envisioning a renewable electricity future for the United States," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 65(C), pages 374-386.
    2. Solomon, A.A. & Faiman, D. & Meron, G., 2010. "An energy-based evaluation of the matching possibilities of very large photovoltaic plants to the electricity grid: Israel as a case study," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 38(10), pages 5457-5468, October.
    3. Elliston, Ben & MacGill, Iain & Diesendorf, Mark, 2013. "Least cost 100% renewable electricity scenarios in the Australian National Electricity Market," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 59(C), pages 270-282.
    4. Solomon, A.A. & Faiman, D. & Meron, G., 2010. "Grid matching of large-scale wind energy conversion systems, alone and in tandem with large-scale photovoltaic systems: An Israeli case study," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 38(11), pages 7070-7081, November.
    5. Solomon, A.A. & Faiman, D. & Meron, G., 2010. "The effects on grid matching and ramping requirements, of single and distributed PV systems employing various fixed and sun-tracking technologies," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 38(10), pages 5469-5481, October.
    6. Hart, Elaine K. & Jacobson, Mark Z., 2011. "A Monte Carlo approach to generator portfolio planning and carbon emissions assessments of systems with large penetrations of variable renewables," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 36(8), pages 2278-2286.
    7. Denholm, Paul & Margolis, Robert M., 2007. "Evaluating the limits of solar photovoltaics (PV) in electric power systems utilizing energy storage and other enabling technologies," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 35(9), pages 4424-4433, September.
    8. Denholm, Paul & Margolis, Robert M., 2007. "Evaluating the limits of solar photovoltaics (PV) in traditional electric power systems," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 35(5), pages 2852-2861, May.
    9. Nelson, James & Johnston, Josiah & Mileva, Ana & Fripp, Matthias & Hoffman, Ian & Petros-Good, Autumn & Blanco, Christian & Kammen, Daniel M., 2012. "High-resolution modeling of the western North American power system demonstrates low-cost and low-carbon futures," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 43(C), pages 436-447.
    10. Solomon, A.A. & Faiman, D. & Meron, G., 2010. "Properties and uses of storage for enhancing the grid penetration of very large photovoltaic systems," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 38(9), pages 5208-5222, September.
    11. Solomon, A.A. & Faiman, D. & Meron, G., 2012. "The role of conventional power plants in a grid fed mainly by PV and storage, and the largest shadow capacity requirement," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 48(C), pages 479-486.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Solomon, A.A. & Kammen, Daniel M. & Callaway, D., 2016. "Investigating the impact of wind–solar complementarities on energy storage requirement and the corresponding supply reliability criteria," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 168(C), pages 130-145.
    2. Solomon, A.A. & Bogdanov, Dmitrii & Breyer, Christian, 2019. "Curtailment-storage-penetration nexus in the energy transition," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 235(C), pages 1351-1368.
    3. Solomon, A.A. & Faiman, D. & Meron, G., 2012. "The role of conventional power plants in a grid fed mainly by PV and storage, and the largest shadow capacity requirement," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 48(C), pages 479-486.
    4. Solomon, A.A. & Faiman, D. & Meron, G., 2012. "Appropriate storage for high-penetration grid-connected photovoltaic plants," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 40(C), pages 335-344.
    5. Mittelman, Gur & Eran, Ronen & Zhivin, Lev & Eisenhändler, Ohad & Luzon, Yossi & Tshuva, Moshe, 2023. "The potential of renewable electricity in isolated grids: The case of Israel in 2050," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 349(C).
    6. Navon, Aviad & Kulbekov, Pavel & Dolev, Shahar & Yehuda, Gil & Levron, Yoash, 2020. "Integration of distributed renewable energy sources in Israel: Transmission congestion challenges and policy recommendations," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 140(C).
    7. Solomon, A.A. & Bogdanov, Dmitrii & Breyer, Christian, 2018. "Solar driven net zero emission electricity supply with negligible carbon cost: Israel as a case study for Sun Belt countries," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 155(C), pages 87-104.
    8. Orioli, Aldo & Di Gangi, Alessandra, 2015. "The recent change in the Italian policies for photovoltaics: Effects on the payback period and levelized cost of electricity of grid-connected photovoltaic systems installed in urban contexts," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 93(P2), pages 1989-2005.
    9. Orioli, Aldo & Di Gangi, Alessandra, 2013. "Load mismatch of grid-connected photovoltaic systems: Review of the effects and analysis in an urban context," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 21(C), pages 13-28.
    10. Aldo Orioli & Vincenzo Franzitta & Alessandra Di Gangi & Ferdinando Foresta, 2016. "The Recent Change in the Italian Policies for Photovoltaics: Effects on the Energy Demand Coverage of Grid-Connected PV Systems Installed in Urban Contexts," Energies, MDPI, vol. 9(11), pages 1-31, November.
    11. Orioli, Aldo & Di Gangi, Alessandra, 2016. "Five-years-long effects of the Italian policies for photovoltaics on the energy demand coverage of grid-connected PV systems installed in urban contexts," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 113(C), pages 444-460.
    12. Hernández-Moro, J. & Martínez-Duart, J.M., 2013. "Analytical model for solar PV and CSP electricity costs: Present LCOE values and their future evolution," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 20(C), pages 119-132.
    13. Abdullah, M.A. & Agalgaonkar, A.P. & Muttaqi, K.M., 2014. "Climate change mitigation with integration of renewable energy resources in the electricity grid of New South Wales, Australia," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 66(C), pages 305-313.
    14. Headley, Alexander J. & Copp, David A., 2020. "Energy storage sizing for grid compatibility of intermittent renewable resources: A California case study," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 198(C).
    15. Lenzen, Manfred & McBain, Bonnie & Trainer, Ted & Jütte, Silke & Rey-Lescure, Olivier & Huang, Jing, 2016. "Simulating low-carbon electricity supply for Australia," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 179(C), pages 553-564.
    16. Trainer, Ted, 2014. "The limits to solar thermal electricity," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 73(C), pages 57-64.
    17. Noel, Lance & Brodie, Joseph F. & Kempton, Willett & Archer, Cristina L. & Budischak, Cory, 2017. "Cost minimization of generation, storage, and new loads, comparing costs with and without externalities," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 189(C), pages 110-121.
    18. Richardson, David B. & Harvey, L.D.D., 2015. "Strategies for correlating solar PV array production with electricity demand," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 76(C), pages 432-440.
    19. Frew, Bethany A. & Becker, Sarah & Dvorak, Michael J. & Andresen, Gorm B. & Jacobson, Mark Z., 2016. "Flexibility mechanisms and pathways to a highly renewable US electricity future," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 101(C), pages 65-78.
    20. Byuk-Keun Jo & Gilsoo Jang, 2019. "An Evaluation of the Effect on the Expansion of Photovoltaic Power Generation According to Renewable Energy Certificates on Energy Storage Systems: A Case Study of the Korean Renewable Energy Market," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(16), pages 1-17, August.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:134:y:2014:i:c:p:75-89. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/405891/description#description .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.