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Use of the microalga Monoraphidium sp. grown in wastewater as a feedstock for biodiesel: Cultivation and fuel characteristics

Author

Listed:
  • Holbrook, Gabriel P.
  • Davidson, Zachary
  • Tatara, Robert A.
  • Ziemer, Norbert L.
  • Rosentrater, Kurt A.
  • Scott Grayburn, W.

Abstract

The use of microalgae as feedstocks for biodiesel is potentially limited by climatic conditions with low light and temperature levels. Monoraphidium sp. Dek19 was identified by 18S rRNA gene sequencing. This is a species indigenous to the upper Midwestern USA which grows to high densities in wastewater with bioremediation resulting in a reduction of nitrate and phosphate levels. Mesocosm pool cultures (171L) were used to characterize growth of this species in larger volumes than typical of previous lab-based studies. The alga was shown to be cold-tolerant and to grow to workable density within 15days at relatively low light intensities in sterilized treated effluent. It was harvested by FeCl3 flocculation and filtration, and lipid content was measured at 26% of dry weight. Pool cultures yielded enough biomass to extract lipids and transesterify them to biodiesel for testing in a stationary engine. GC analysis showed FAMEs produced from Monoraphidium sp. to have a similar fatty acid profile to soybean oil. Engine testing of this algal biodiesel in blends with petrodiesel showed a significant reduction in NOx emissions. The results of this study indicate in general that searching for species of algae adapted to local environments is a good strategy for developing biodiesel feedstocks, and specifically that Monoraphidium sp. Dek19 represents a species isolate that could be used to produce this fuel economically using wastewater in Northern locations with cool climates.

Suggested Citation

  • Holbrook, Gabriel P. & Davidson, Zachary & Tatara, Robert A. & Ziemer, Norbert L. & Rosentrater, Kurt A. & Scott Grayburn, W., 2014. "Use of the microalga Monoraphidium sp. grown in wastewater as a feedstock for biodiesel: Cultivation and fuel characteristics," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 131(C), pages 386-393.
  • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:131:y:2014:i:c:p:386-393
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2014.06.043
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. John Benemann, 2013. "Microalgae for Biofuels and Animal Feeds," Energies, MDPI, vol. 6(11), pages 1-18, November.
    2. Saddam H. Al-lwayzy & Talal Yusaf, 2013. "Chlorella protothecoides Microalgae as an Alternative Fuel for Tractor Diesel Engines," Energies, MDPI, vol. 6(2), pages 1-18, February.
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    5. Cheah, Wai Yan & Ling, Tau Chuan & Show, Pau Loke & Juan, Joon Ching & Chang, Jo-Shu & Lee, Duu-Jong, 2016. "Cultivation in wastewaters for energy: A microalgae platform," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 179(C), pages 609-625.
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    7. Shen, Xiao-Fei & Liu, Jing-Jing & Chu, Fei-Fei & Lam, Paul K.S. & Zeng, Raymond J., 2015. "Enhancement of FAME productivity of Scenedesmus obliquus by combining nitrogen deficiency with sufficient phosphorus supply in heterotrophic cultivation," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 158(C), pages 348-354.
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    9. Chen, Jen-Jeng & Lee, Yu-Ru, 2018. "Optimization of the transesterification reaction of microalgal Monoraphidium sp," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 129(PB), pages 717-723.
    10. Lam, Man Kee & Yusoff, Mohammad Iqram & Uemura, Yoshimitsu & Lim, Jun Wei & Khoo, Choon Gek & Lee, Keat Teong & Ong, Hwai Chyuan, 2017. "Cultivation of Chlorella vulgaris using nutrients source from domestic wastewater for biodiesel production: Growth condition and kinetic studies," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 103(C), pages 197-207.
    11. Dasgupta, Chitralekha Nag & Suseela, M.R. & Mandotra, S.K. & Kumar, Pankaj & Pandey, Manish K. & Toppo, Kiran & Lone, J.A., 2015. "Dual uses of microalgal biomass: An integrative approach for biohydrogen and biodiesel production," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 146(C), pages 202-208.

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