IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/appene/v109y2013icp476-487.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Stratification analysis in packed bed thermal energy storage systems

Author

Listed:
  • Oró, Eduard
  • Castell, Albert
  • Chiu, Justin
  • Martin, Viktoria
  • Cabeza, Luisa F.

Abstract

District cooling and heating networks are increasing in many countries, especially in the Scandinavian countries. Some of the systems have become small for the needs of the population and they have to be enhanced in order to reach the cooling or heating necessities. Here, thermal energy storage system of a district cooling network is studied. Phase change material (PCM) is used in order to enhance the energy density and the stratification of the water tank. The experimental set up consists mainly of a cylindrical storage tank with a capacity of 3.73L filled with spherically encapsulated PCM. The PCM used is PK6 from Rubitherm GmbH with a storage capacity of 175kJ/kg between −2°C and 13°C. Many methods to characterize water tank stratification, such as graphical (dimensional and non-dimensional) and numerical figures based on temperature distribution (degree of stratification, first law efficiencies, second law efficiencies, other efficiencies as MIX number), are used to analysed and characterized two storage tanks, one of them with the inclusion of PCM packed bed during both charging and discharging processes.

Suggested Citation

  • Oró, Eduard & Castell, Albert & Chiu, Justin & Martin, Viktoria & Cabeza, Luisa F., 2013. "Stratification analysis in packed bed thermal energy storage systems," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 109(C), pages 476-487.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:109:y:2013:i:c:p:476-487
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2012.12.082
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261913000214
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.apenergy.2012.12.082?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Mawire, Ashmore & Taole, Simeon H., 2011. "A comparison of experimental thermal stratification parameters for an oil/pebble-bed thermal energy storage (TES) system during charging," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 88(12), pages 4766-4778.
    2. Mehling, H. & Cabeza, L.F. & Hippeli, S. & Hiebler, S., 2003. "PCM-module to improve hot water heat stores with stratification," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 28(5), pages 699-711.
    3. Felix Regin, A. & Solanki, S.C. & Saini, J.S., 2009. "An analysis of a packed bed latent heat thermal energy storage system using PCM capsules: Numerical investigation," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 34(7), pages 1765-1773.
    4. Castell, A. & Medrano, M. & Solé, C. & Cabeza, L.F., 2010. "Dimensionless numbers used to characterize stratification in water tanks for discharging at low flow rates," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 35(10), pages 2192-2199.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Yang, Bei & Bai, Fengwu & Wang, Yan & Wang, Zhifeng, 2019. "Study on standby process of an air-based solid packed bed for flexible high-temperature heat storage: Experimental results and modelling," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 238(C), pages 135-146.
    2. Schwarzmayr, Paul & Birkelbach, Felix & Walter, Heimo & Hofmann, René, 2024. "Exergy efficiency and thermocline degradation of a packed bed thermal energy storage in partial cycle operation: An experimental study," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 360(C).
    3. Li, Gang, 2016. "Sensible heat thermal storage energy and exergy performance evaluations," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 53(C), pages 897-923.
    4. Frazzica, Andrea & Manzan, Marco & Sapienza, Alessio & Freni, Angelo & Toniato, Giuseppe & Restuccia, Giovanni, 2016. "Experimental testing of a hybrid sensible-latent heat storage system for domestic hot water applications," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 183(C), pages 1157-1167.
    5. Ding, Tao & Meng, Zhaoming & Chen, Kailun & Fan, Guangming & Yan, Changqi, 2020. "Experimental study on thermal stratification in water tank and heat transfer characteristics of condenser in water-cooled passive residual heat removal system of molten salt reactor," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 205(C).
    6. Kumar, G. Senthil & Nagarajan, D. & Chidambaram, L.A. & Kumaresan, V. & Ding, Y. & Velraj, R., 2016. "Role of PCM addition on stratification behaviour in a thermal storage tank – An experimental study," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 115(P1), pages 1168-1178.
    7. ELSihy, ELSaeed Saad & Xu, Chao & Du, Xiaoze, 2022. "Cyclic performance of cascaded latent heat thermocline energy storage systems for high-temperature applications," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 239(PC).
    8. Shao, Y.L. & Soh, K.Y. & Islam, M.R. & Chua, K.J., 2023. "Thermal, exergy and economic analysis of a cascaded packed-bed tank with multiple phase change materials for district cooling system," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 268(C).
    9. Calderón-Vásquez, Ignacio & Segovia, Valentina & Cardemil, José M. & Barraza, Rodrigo, 2021. "Assessing the use of copper slags as thermal energy storage material for packed-bed systems," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 227(C).
    10. Afshan, Mahboob E. & Selvakumar, A.S & Velraj, R. & Rajaraman, R., 2020. "Effect of aspect ratio and dispersed PCM balls on the charging performance of a latent heat thermal storage unit for solar thermal applications," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 148(C), pages 876-888.
    11. Porteiro, Jacobo & Míguez, José Luis & Crespo, Bárbara & López González, Luis María & De Lara, José, 2015. "Experimental investigation of the thermal response of a thermal storage tank partially filled with different PCMs (phase change materials) to a steep demand," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 91(C), pages 202-214.
    12. Shao, Y.L. & Soh, K.Y. & Wan, Y.D. & Kumja, M. & Khin, Z. & Islam, M.R. & Chua, K.J., 2020. "Simulation and experimental study of thermal storage systems for district cooling system under commercial operating conditions," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 203(C).
    13. Huiqian Guo & ELSaeed Saad ELSihy & Zhirong Liao & Xiaoze Du, 2021. "A Comparative Study on the Performance of Single and Multi-Layer Encapsulated Phase Change Material Packed-Bed Thermocline Tanks," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(8), pages 1-24, April.
    14. Li, Chuan & Li, Qi & Ding, Yulong, 2019. "Investigation on the thermal performance of a high temperature packed bed thermal energy storage system containing carbonate salt based composite phase change materials," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 247(C), pages 374-388.
    15. de Gracia, Alvaro & Cabeza, Luisa F., 2017. "Numerical simulation of a PCM packed bed system: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 69(C), pages 1055-1063.
    16. Pop, Octavian G. & Fechete Tutunaru, Lucian & Bode, Florin & Abrudan, Ancuţa C. & Balan, Mugur C., 2018. "Energy efficiency of PCM integrated in fresh air cooling systems in different climatic conditions," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 212(C), pages 976-996.
    17. Majumdar, Rudrodip & Saha, Sandip K., 2019. "Effect of varying extent of PCM capsule filling on thermal stratification performance of a storage tank," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 178(C), pages 1-20.
    18. Xinming Xi & Zicheng Zhang & Huimin Wei & Zeyu Chen & Xiaoze Du, 2023. "Experimental Study of Simultaneous Charging and Discharging Process in Thermocline Phase Change Heat Storage System Based on Solar Energy," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(9), pages 1-17, April.
    19. Schwarzmayr, Paul & Birkelbach, Felix & Walter, Heimo & Hofmann, René, 2023. "Standby efficiency and thermocline degradation of a packed bed thermal energy storage: An experimental study," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 337(C).
    20. Soh, Alex & Huang, Zhifeng & Shao, Yunlin & Islam, M.R. & Chua, K.J., 2023. "On the study of a thermal system for continuous cold energy harvesting and supply from LNG regasification," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 275(C).
    21. Wang, Zilong & Zhang, Hua & Huang, Huajie & Dou, Binlin & Huang, Xiuhui & Goula, Maria A., 2019. "The experimental investigation of the thermal stratification in a solar hot water tank," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 134(C), pages 862-874.
    22. Zhao, Bing-chen & Cheng, Mao-song & Liu, Chang & Dai, Zhi-min, 2018. "System-level performance optimization of molten-salt packed-bed thermal energy storage for concentrating solar power," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 226(C), pages 225-239.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Chidambaram, L.A. & Ramana, A.S. & Kamaraj, G. & Velraj, R., 2011. "Review of solar cooling methods and thermal storage options," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 15(6), pages 3220-3228, August.
    2. Afshan, Mahboob E. & Selvakumar, A.S & Velraj, R. & Rajaraman, R., 2020. "Effect of aspect ratio and dispersed PCM balls on the charging performance of a latent heat thermal storage unit for solar thermal applications," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 148(C), pages 876-888.
    3. Sharif, M.K. Anuar & Al-Abidi, A.A. & Mat, S. & Sopian, K. & Ruslan, M.H. & Sulaiman, M.Y. & Rosli, M.A.M., 2015. "Review of the application of phase change material for heating and domestic hot water systems," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 42(C), pages 557-568.
    4. María Gasque & Federico Ibáñez & Pablo González-Altozano, 2021. "Minimum Number of Experimental Data for the Thermal Characterization of a Hot Water Storage Tank," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(16), pages 1-16, August.
    5. Salunkhe, Pramod B. & Shembekar, Prashant S., 2012. "A review on effect of phase change material encapsulation on the thermal performance of a system," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 16(8), pages 5603-5616.
    6. David Vérez & Emiliano Borri & Alicia Crespo & Gabriel Zsembinszki & Belal Dawoud & Luisa F. Cabeza, 2021. "Experimental Study of a Small-Size Vacuum Insulated Water Tank for Building Applications," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(10), pages 1-11, May.
    7. Mawire, Ashmore, 2013. "Experimental and simulated thermal stratification evaluation of an oil storage tank subjected to heat losses during charging," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 108(C), pages 459-465.
    8. Yunshen Zhang & Yun Guo & Jiaao Zhu & Weijian Yuan & Feng Zhao, 2024. "New Advances in Materials, Applications, and Design Optimization of Thermocline Heat Storage: Comprehensive Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(10), pages 1-41, May.
    9. Kumar, G. Senthil & Nagarajan, D. & Chidambaram, L.A. & Kumaresan, V. & Ding, Y. & Velraj, R., 2016. "Role of PCM addition on stratification behaviour in a thermal storage tank – An experimental study," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 115(P1), pages 1168-1178.
    10. Wang, Yanqiu & Ji, Jie & Sun, Wei & Yuan, Weiqi & Cai, Jingyong & Guo, Chao & He, Wei, 2016. "Experiment and simulation study on the optimization of the PV direct-coupled solar water heating system," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 100(C), pages 154-166.
    11. Kumar, Ashish & Saha, Sandip K., 2021. "Performance study of a novel funnel shaped shell and tube latent heat thermal energy storage system," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 165(P1), pages 731-747.
    12. Dutil, Yvan & Rousse, Daniel R. & Salah, Nizar Ben & Lassue, Stéphane & Zalewski, Laurent, 2011. "A review on phase-change materials: Mathematical modeling and simulations," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 15(1), pages 112-130, January.
    13. Xu, Yang & Li, Ming-Jia & Zheng, Zhang-Jing & Xue, Xiao-Dai, 2018. "Melting performance enhancement of phase change material by a limited amount of metal foam: Configurational optimization and economic assessment," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 212(C), pages 868-880.
    14. Xia, L. & Zhang, P. & Wang, R.Z., 2010. "Numerical heat transfer analysis of the packed bed latent heat storage system based on an effective packed bed model," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 35(5), pages 2022-2032.
    15. Bruch, A. & Molina, S. & Esence, T. & Fourmigué, J.F. & Couturier, R., 2017. "Experimental investigation of cycling behaviour of pilot-scale thermal oil packed-bed thermal storage system," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 103(C), pages 277-285.
    16. Agnieszka Malec & Tomasz Cholewa & Alicja Siuta-Olcha, 2021. "Influence of Cold Water Inlets and Obstacles on the Energy Efficiency of the Hot Water Production Process in a Hot Water Storage Tank," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(20), pages 1-26, October.
    17. Tao, Y.B. & He, Ya-Ling, 2018. "A review of phase change material and performance enhancement method for latent heat storage system," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 93(C), pages 245-259.
    18. Saloux, E. & Candanedo, J.A., 2019. "Modelling stratified thermal energy storage tanks using an advanced flowrate distribution of the received flow," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 241(C), pages 34-45.
    19. Diana Isabel Berrocal & Juan Blandon Rodriguez & Maria De Los Angeles Ortega Del Rosario & Itamar Harris & Arthur M. James Rivas, 2024. "Heat Transfer Enhancements Assessment in Hot Water Generation with Phase Change Materials (PCMs): A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(10), pages 1-35, May.
    20. Mostafavi Tehrani, S. Saeed & Shoraka, Yashar & Nithyanandam, Karthik & Taylor, Robert A., 2019. "Shell-and-tube or packed bed thermal energy storage systems integrated with a concentrated solar power: A techno-economic comparison of sensible and latent heat systems," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 238(C), pages 887-910.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:109:y:2013:i:c:p:476-487. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/405891/description#description .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.