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Strategies to decrease water drainage and nitrate emission from soilless cultures of greenhouse tomato

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  • Massa, D.
  • Incrocci, L.
  • Maggini, R.
  • Carmassi, G.
  • Campiotti, C.A.
  • Pardossi, A.

Abstract

In the spring-summer season of 2005 and 2006, we explored the influence of three fertigation strategies (A-C) on the water and nitrogen use efficiency of semi-closed rockwool culture of greenhouse tomato conducted using saline water (NaCl concentration of 9.5molm-3). The strategies under comparison were the following: (A) crop water uptake was compensated by refilling the mixing tank with nutrient solution at full strength (with the concentrations of macronutrients equal or close to the corresponding mean uptake concentrations as determined in previous studies) and the recirculating nutrient solution was flushed out whenever its electrical conductivity (EC) surpassed 4.5dSm-1 due to the accumulation of NaCl; (B) the refill nutrient solution had a variable EC in order to maintain a target value of 3.0dSm-1; due to the progressive accumulation of NaCl, the EC and macronutrient concentrations of the refill nutrient solution tended to decrease with time, thus resulting in a progressive nutrient depletion in the recycling water till N-NO3- content dropped below 1.0molm-3, when the nutrient solution was replaced; (C) likewise Strategy A, but when EC reached 4.5dSm-1, crop water uptake was compensated with fresh water only in order to reduce N-NO3- concentration below 1.0molm-3 before discharge. In 2005 an open (free-drain) system (Strategy D), where the plants were irrigated with full-strength nutrient solution without drainage water recycling, was also tested in order to verify the possible influence of NaCl accumulation and/or nutrient depletion in the root zone on crop performance. In the semi-closed systems conducted following strategies A, B or C, the nutrient solution was replaced, respectively, 10, 14 and 7 times in 2005, and in 19, 24 and 14 times in 2006, when the cultivation lasted 167 days instead of 84 days in 2005. In both years, there were no important differences in fruit yield and quality among the strategies under investigation. Strategy C produced the best results in terms of water use and drainage, while Strategy B was the most efficient procedure with regard to nitrogen use. In contrast to strategies A and D, the application of strategies B and C minimized nitrogen emissions and also resulted in N-NO3- concentrations in the effluents that were invariably lower than the limit (approximately 1.42molm-3) imposed to the N-NO3- concentration of wastewater discharged into surface water by the current legislation associated to the implementation of European Nitrate Directive in Italy.

Suggested Citation

  • Massa, D. & Incrocci, L. & Maggini, R. & Carmassi, G. & Campiotti, C.A. & Pardossi, A., 2010. "Strategies to decrease water drainage and nitrate emission from soilless cultures of greenhouse tomato," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 97(7), pages 971-980, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:agiwat:v:97:y:2010:i:7:p:971-980
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    1. Gallardo, M. & Thompson, R.B. & Rodríguez, J.S. & Rodríguez, F. & Fernández, M.D. & Sánchez, J.A. & Magán, J.J., 2009. "Simulation of transpiration, drainage, N uptake, nitrate leaching, and N uptake concentration in tomato grown in open substrate," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 96(12), pages 1773-1784, December.
    2. Carmassi, G. & Incrocci, L. & Maggini, R. & Malorgio, F. & Tognoni, F. & Pardossi, A., 2007. "An aggregated model for water requirements of greenhouse tomato grown in closed rockwool culture with saline water," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 88(1-3), pages 73-82, March.
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    1. Santos, Miguel G. & Moreira, Germano S. & Pereira, Ruth & Carvalho, Susana M.P., 2022. "Assessing the potential use of drainage from open soilless production systems: A case study from an agronomic and ecotoxicological perspective," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 273(C).
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    3. Puccinelli, Martina & Carmassi, Giulia & Pardossi, Alberto & Incrocci, Luca, 2023. "Wild edible plant species grown hydroponically with crop drainage water in a Mediterranean climate: Crop yield, leaf quality, and use of water and nutrients," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 282(C).
    4. Venezia, Accursio & Colla, Giuseppe & Di Cesare, Carlo & Stipic, Marija & Massa, Daniele, 2022. "The effect of different fertigation strategies on salinity and nutrient dynamics of cherry tomato grown in a gutter subirrigation system," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 262(C).
    5. Incrocci, Luca & Marzialetti, Paolo & Incrocci, Giorgio & Di Vita, Andrea & Balendonck, Jos & Bibbiani, Carlo & Spagnol, Serafino & Pardossi, Alberto, 2014. "Substrate water status and evapotranspiration irrigation scheduling in heterogenous container nursery crops," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 131(C), pages 30-40.
    6. Artur Mielcarek & Karolina Kłobukowska & Joanna Rodziewicz & Wojciech Janczukowicz & Kamil Łukasz Bryszewski, 2023. "Water Nutrient Management in Soilless Plant Cultivation versus Sustainability," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(1), pages 1-20, December.
    7. Blok, Chris & Voogt, Wim & Barbagli, Tommaso, 2023. "Reducing nutrient imbalance in recirculating drainage solution of stone wool grown tomato," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 285(C).
    8. Anderson Fernando Wamser & Arthur Bernardes Cecilio Filho & Rodrigo Hiyoshi Dalmazzo Nowaki & Juan Waldir Mendoza-Cortez & Miguel Urrestarazu, 2017. "Influence of drainage and nutrient-solution nitrogen and potassium concentrations on the agronomic behavior of bell-pepper plants cultivated in a substrate," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 12(7), pages 1-14, July.
    9. Massa, Daniele & Magán, Juan José & Montesano, Francesco Fabiano & Tzortzakis, Nikolaos, 2020. "Minimizing water and nutrient losses from soilless cropping in southern Europe," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 241(C).

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