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Canopy and soil thermal patterns to support water and heat stress management in vineyards

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  • Costa, J.M.
  • Egipto, R.
  • Sánchez-Virosta, A.
  • Lopes, C.M.
  • Chaves, M.M.

Abstract

Row crops such as grapevine are particularly vulnerable to heat stress under hot and dry conditions due to the combined effect of soil heat fluxes and of limited capacity for leaf/canopy evaporative cooling via transpiration. Therefore, a better understanding of grapevine responses to variations in air and soil temperature and of related heat fluxes are required in Mediterranean-type viticulture in order to optimize canopy and soil management practices, while saving irrigation water. Ground based thermography was used to monitor canopy (TC) and soil (TS) temperature patterns in a vineyard trained in a vertical shoot positioning trellis system. Measurements of heat exchanges in the vineyard were done along the day and throughout the season to predict vine’s water status and heat stress risks. Field trials were carried out in 2014 and 2015 in Alentejo winegrowing region (South Portugal) using two V. vinifera red varieties (Aragonez, syn. Tempranillo and Touriga Nacional) subjected to two deficit irrigation strategies. TC and TS measurements were complemented by punctual leaf and berry temperature measurements with thermocouples. Soil water content, leaf water potential and leaf gas exchange were also measured. TC was above the optimal temperature for leaf photosynthesis during a large part of the day (11:00-17:00 h), particularly under stressful atmospheric conditions (high VPD and irradiance) combined with lower soil water availability. The highest TC was measured at mid-late afternoon (17:00 h) indicating a delay relative to the highest Tair conditions. The basal part of the canopy (cluster zone) presented a temperature 1–2 °C higher than the upper part, whereas TS was on average 10–15 °C higher than TC. Variation in TS was coupled to sun radiation and TC correlated negatively with leaf water potential and stomatal conductance to water vapour. Our results suggest that TC can be used as a simple indicator of grapevine performance and as a parameter to feed grapevine growth models to estimate heat and water fluxes in irrigated vineyards. TS emerges as a thermal variable with potential use to manage heat and drought stress in vineyards.

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  • Costa, J.M. & Egipto, R. & Sánchez-Virosta, A. & Lopes, C.M. & Chaves, M.M., 2019. "Canopy and soil thermal patterns to support water and heat stress management in vineyards," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 216(C), pages 484-496.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:agiwat:v:216:y:2019:i:c:p:484-496
    DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2018.06.001
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Pou, Alícia & Diago, Maria P. & Medrano, Hipólito & Baluja, Javier & Tardaguila, Javier, 2014. "Validation of thermal indices for water status identification in grapevine," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 134(C), pages 60-72.
    2. van Leeuwen, Cornelis & Darriet, Philippe, 2016. "The Impact of Climate Change on Viticulture and Wine Quality," Journal of Wine Economics, Cambridge University Press, vol. 11(1), pages 150-167, May.
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    5. Pieri, Philippe, 2010. "Modelling radiative balance in a row-crop canopy: Row–soil surface net radiation partition," Ecological Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 221(5), pages 791-801.
    6. Costa, J.M. & Vaz, M. & Escalona, J. & Egipto, R. & Lopes, C. & Medrano, H. & Chaves, M.M., 2016. "Modern viticulture in southern Europe: Vulnerabilities and strategies for adaptation to water scarcity," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 164(P1), pages 5-18.
    7. Pieri, Philippe, 2010. "Modelling radiative balance in a row-crop canopy: Cross-row distribution of net radiation at the soil surface and energy available to clusters in a vineyard," Ecological Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 221(5), pages 802-811.
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    3. Susana T. Leitão & Emanuel Ferreira & M. Catarina Bicho & Mara L. Alves & Duarte Pintado & Daniela Santos & Pedro Mendes-Moreira & Susana S. Araújo & J. Miguel Costa & Maria Carlota Vaz Patto, 2019. "Maize Open-Pollinated Populations Physiological Improvement: Validating Tools for Drought Response Participatory Selection," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(21), pages 1-35, November.
    4. Romero, Pascual & Navarro, Josefa María & Ordaz, Pablo Botía, 2022. "Towards a sustainable viticulture: The combination of deficit irrigation strategies and agroecological practices in Mediterranean vineyards. A review and update," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 259(C).
    5. Mu, Qing & Cai, Huanjie & Sun, Shikun & Wen, Shanshan & Xu, Jiatun & Dong, Mengqi & Saddique, Qaisar, 2021. "The physiological response of winter wheat under short-term drought conditions and the sensitivity of different indices to soil water changes," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 243(C).

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