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Field measurements of bare soil evaporation and crop transpiration, and transpiration efficiency, for rainfed grain crops in Australia – A review

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  • Unkovich, Murray
  • Baldock, Jeff
  • Farquharson, Ryan

Abstract

Australian agriculture is dominated by rainfed cropping in environments where evaporative demand greatly exceeds annual rainfall. In this paper we review field measurements of crop transpiration and bare soil evaporation under rainfed grain crops, and crop transpiration efficiencies. Crop transpiration is typically calculated from the difference between evapotranspiration and bare soil evaporation, however, while the former is readily measured, the latter is difficult to obtain. For wheat we found only 19 studies which measured the critical water balance parameters of bare soil evaporation and crop transpiration in Australia, and very many fewer for other crops. From the studies reported for wheat, on average 38% of evapotranspiration was lost to direct soil evaporation. Data for other crops are insufficient to ascertain whether they are similar or different to wheat in terms of the relative contributions of Es and T to the water balance. Although it may have occurred in practice, we can find no field measurements of the crop water balance to demonstrate an increase in crop transpiration at the expense of bare soil evaporation as a function of improvements in agronomic practices in recent decades.

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  • Unkovich, Murray & Baldock, Jeff & Farquharson, Ryan, 2018. "Field measurements of bare soil evaporation and crop transpiration, and transpiration efficiency, for rainfed grain crops in Australia – A review," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 205(C), pages 72-80.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:agiwat:v:205:y:2018:i:c:p:72-80
    DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2018.04.016
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    1. Passioura, John, 2006. "Increasing crop productivity when water is scarce--from breeding to field management," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 80(1-3), pages 176-196, February.
    2. Yunusa, I. A. M. & Sedgley, R. H. & Belford, R. K. & Tennant, D., 1993. "Dynamics of water use in a dry mediterranean environment I. Soil evaporation little affected by presence of plant canopy," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 24(3), pages 205-224, November.
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