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Using saline soil and marginal quality water to produce alfalfa in arid climates

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  • Díaz, F.J.
  • Grattan, S.R.
  • Reyes, J.A.
  • de la Roza-Delgado, B.
  • Benes, S.E.
  • Jiménez, C.
  • Dorta, M.
  • Tejedor, M.

Abstract

The gradual increase in the amount of land and water resources affected by salt in arid and semi-arid regions requires strategies to optimize the use of these marginal-quality resources. Recent field and greenhouse experiments have demonstrated the potential of growing certain ‘pre-selected’ varieties of alfalfa in highly saline conditions. A greenhouse study was conducted to determine the impact of irrigation with saline groundwater on alfalfa growth and production in saline-sodic soils. The sustainability of the system in terms of forage yield and quality was also evaluated. The study included three varieties of alfalfa (Medicago sativa, vars. SW8421S, PGI908S and WL656HQ) planted in pots filled with saline-sodic soil (Calcic Haplosalids) collected on the island of Lanzarote (Spain) and irrigated for 18 months with increasingly saline water. Although the yield of the alfalfa varieties was reduced by an average of 7, 20, 31 and 46% as the salinity of the irrigation water increased from 0.4 dS m−1 to 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10.0 dS m−1, respectively, their relative salt tolerance, based on the average electrical conductivity of the saturated soil extract (ECe), was much higher than those established in the literature. Based on their nutritional quality, all alfalfa varieties are categorized as ‘supreme’ quality, with metabolizable energy (ME) values in excess of 10 MJ kg−1. Moreover, no detriment to quality was observed at the higher levels of irrigation water salinity. Mineral composition analysis revealed S, K and B levels near or above the established maximum tolerable levels (MTLs) suggesting that this forage could only be safely consumed by ruminants over the long term if combined with other forages with lower mineral content.

Suggested Citation

  • Díaz, F.J. & Grattan, S.R. & Reyes, J.A. & de la Roza-Delgado, B. & Benes, S.E. & Jiménez, C. & Dorta, M. & Tejedor, M., 2018. "Using saline soil and marginal quality water to produce alfalfa in arid climates," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 199(C), pages 11-21.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:agiwat:v:199:y:2018:i:c:p:11-21
    DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2017.12.003
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Grattan, S.R. & Grieve, C.M. & Poss, J.A. & Robinson, P.H. & Suarez, D.L. & Benes, S.E., 2004. "Evaluation of salt-tolerant forages for sequential water reuse systems: III. Potential implications for ruminant mineral nutrition," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 70(2), pages 137-150, November.
    2. Díaz, Francisco J. & Tejedor, Marisa & Jiménez, Concepción & Grattan, Steve R. & Dorta, María & Hernández, José M., 2013. "The imprint of desalinated seawater on recycled wastewater: Consequences for irrigation in Lanzarote Island, Spain," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 116(C), pages 62-72.
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    4. Grieve, C.M. & Poss, J.A. & Grattan, S.R. & Suarez, D.L. & Benes, S.E. & Robinson, P.H., 2004. "Evaluation of salt-tolerant forages for sequential water reuse systems: II. Plant-ion relations," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 70(2), pages 121-135, November.
    5. Grattan, S.R. & Díaz, F.J. & Pedrero, F. & Vivaldi, G.A., 2015. "Assessing the suitability of saline wastewaters for irrigation of Citrus spp.: Emphasis on boron and specific-ion interactions," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 157(C), pages 48-58.
    6. Díaz, F.J. & Benes, S.E. & Grattan, S.R., 2013. "Field performance of halophytic species under irrigation with saline drainage water in the San Joaquin Valley of California," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 118(C), pages 59-69.
    7. Suyama, H. & Benes, S.E. & Robinson, P.H. & Grattan, S.R. & Grieve, C.M. & Getachew, G., 2007. "Forage yield and quality under irrigation with saline-sodic drainage water: Greenhouse evaluation," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 88(1-3), pages 159-172, March.
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    7. Hu, Yanzhe & Kang, Shaozhong & Ding, Risheng & Zhao, Qing, 2021. "A crude protein and fiber model of alfalfa incorporating growth age under water and salt stress," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 255(C).
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