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Eleven years of runoff and phosphorus losses from two fields with and without manure application, Iowa, USA

Author

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  • Tomer, M.D.
  • Moorman, T.B.
  • Kovar, J.L.
  • Cole, K.J.
  • Nichols, D.J.

Abstract

Monitoring runoff at field edges can show how cropping systems and conservation practices affect runoff hydrology and water quality. Multi-year records are needed to characterize these effects, because of the variable, ephemeral nature of rainfall-runoff events. This study compared runoff and phosphorus (P) losses from two fields in central Iowa from 2000 through 2010. Both fields were managed in the same three-year, corn (Zea mays L.)–corn–soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) rotation, but one field received applications of swine manure for each year of corn. Results comprised 116 events at the manured site and 94 events at the non-manured site, with 74 events common to both locations. Rainfall-runoff relationships for the two fields were similar; annual runoff averaged 54mm from the non-manured field and 47mm from the manured field. Large storms (>60mm rainfall) comprised about 10% of the runoff events in both watersheds, producing 12–16% of the total P loads. Moderate storms (30–60mm rainfall) generated most (65–70%) of the P load from both watersheds. Losses of P averaged 1.8kg Pha−1year−1 from the manured watershed and 1.05kgPha−1year−1 from the non-manured watershed. Relationships between runoff-volumes and P-loads differed between the two watersheds (p<0.05). Results highlight the challenge of maintaining adequate soil P levels while minimizing runoff P losses under a corn–soybean rotation, but indicate conservation practices that can limit runoff from storms of 30–60mm of rainfall can help producers meet that challenge.

Suggested Citation

  • Tomer, M.D. & Moorman, T.B. & Kovar, J.L. & Cole, K.J. & Nichols, D.J., 2016. "Eleven years of runoff and phosphorus losses from two fields with and without manure application, Iowa, USA," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 168(C), pages 104-111.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:agiwat:v:168:y:2016:i:c:p:104-111
    DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2016.01.011
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Elliot Anderson & Keith Schilling & Christopher Jones & Larry Weber & Calvin Wolter, 2024. "Iowa’s Annual Phosphorus Budget: Quantifying the Inputs and Outputs of Phosphorus Transport Processes," Land, MDPI, vol. 13(9), pages 1-17, September.
    2. Manyowa N. Meki & Javier M. Osorio & Evelyn M. Steglich & James R. Kiniry, 2022. "Drought-Induced Nitrogen and Phosphorus Carryover Nutrients in Corn/Soybean Rotations in the Upper Mississippi River Basin," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(22), pages 1-23, November.
    3. Lourenzi, Cledimar Rogério & Ceretta, Carlos Alberto & Ciancio, Nathalia Haydee Riveros & Tiecher, Tadeu Luis & da Silva, Lincon Oliveira Stefanello & De Conti, Lessandro & Girotto, Eduardo & Ferreira, 2021. "Forms of nitrogen and phosphorus transfer by runoff in soil under no-tillage with successive organic waste and mineral fertilizers applications," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 248(C).
    4. Zanon, Jair Augusto & Favaretto, Nerilde & Democh Goularte, Gabriel & Dieckow, Jeferson & Barth, Gabriel, 2020. "Manure application at long-term in no-till: Effects on runoff, sediment and nutrients losses in high rainfall events," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 228(C).
    5. Li, Tianyang & Zhang, Yi & He, Binghui & Wu, Xiaoyu & Du, Yingni, 2022. "Nitrate loss by runoff in response to rainfall amount category and different combinations of fertilization and cultivation in sloping croplands," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 273(C).
    6. Sisay A. Belay & Tewodros T. Assefa & P. V. Vara Prasad & Petra Schmitter & Abeyou W. Worqlul & Tammo S. Steenhuis & Manuel R. Reyes & Seifu A. Tilahun, 2020. "The Response of Water and Nutrient Dynamics and of Crop Yield to Conservation Agriculture in the Ethiopian Highlands," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(15), pages 1-15, July.
    7. Joseph R. Sanford & Horacio A. Aguirre-Villegas & Rebecca A. Larson, 2020. "Pork Production Survey to Assess Factors of Facility Design and Operation," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(11), pages 1-27, June.

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