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Subsoil compaction and irrigation regimes affect the root–shoot relation and grain yield of winter wheat

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  • Liu, Xiuwei
  • Zhang, Xiying
  • Chen, Suying
  • Sun, Hongyong
  • Shao, Liwei

Abstract

The combined effects of soil moisture and physical parameters are important concerns in crop production. A three-season field experiment and a two-season tube experiment were performed to examine the effects of subsoil bulk density (BD) on the performance of winter wheat associated with irrigation regimes. Tubes (19.2cm in inner diameter and 1m in depth) were compacted with soil to create different BD ranging from 1.4 to 1.8g/cm3 at a subsoil layer (20–40cm). The field study was conducted under deep tillage (DT) and rotary tillage (RT) that created two different BD at the subsoil layer (1.57 and 1.67g/cm3, respectively). Two irrigation regimes (deficit and adequate) were applied to both the field and the tube experiments. Results from the tube tests showed that total root weight (TRW) was reduced with the increase in the BD, especially the root weight under the subsoil pan. TRW was positively related to the total shoot weight; whereas the final grain yield was not linearly related to the shoot weight, due to the different effects of BD and irrigation on harvest index. Moderate subsoil BD (1.5–1.6g/cm3) produced the highest harvest index and grain yield. Results from the field experiment showed that the lower subsoil BD under DT improved the root growth in the deep soil layer, resulting in more soil water utilization under deficit irrigation, as compared with the higher subsoil BD under RT. Thus the yield under DT was improved under deficit irrigation. No significant difference in yield under adequate irrigation was found between the two tillage methods. The results testified that the effects of subsoil compaction on crop performance were associated with soil water conditions. Under relative dry condition, higher than optimum subsoil BD would negatively affect crop performance more significantly than that under sufficient water supply. The subsoil BD should be maintained below 1.6g/cm3 under the growing conditions of this study. The long-term RT had increased the subsoil BD over this limit. Optimizing the subsoil BD by tillage management would benefit crop production.

Suggested Citation

  • Liu, Xiuwei & Zhang, Xiying & Chen, Suying & Sun, Hongyong & Shao, Liwei, 2015. "Subsoil compaction and irrigation regimes affect the root–shoot relation and grain yield of winter wheat," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 154(C), pages 59-67.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:agiwat:v:154:y:2015:i:c:p:59-67
    DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2015.03.004
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    1. Toliver, Dustin K. & Larson, James A. & English, Burton C. & Roberts, Roland K. & Torre Ugarte, Daniel de la & West, Tristram O., 2011. "Effects of No-Tillage Production Practices on Crop Yields as Influenced by Crop and Growing Environment Factors," 2011 Annual Meeting, February 5-8, 2011, Corpus Christi, Texas 98818, Southern Agricultural Economics Association.
    2. Zhang, Xiying & Chen, Suying & Sun, Hongyong & Shao, Liwei & Wang, Yanzhe, 2011. "Changes in evapotranspiration over irrigated winter wheat and maize in North China Plain over three decades," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 98(6), pages 1097-1104, April.
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    3. Zhang, Xiying & Qin, Wenli & Chen, Suying & Shao, Liwei & Sun, Hongyong, 2017. "Responses of yield and WUE of winter wheat to water stress during the past three decades—A case study in the North China Plain," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 179(C), pages 47-54.
    4. Jingjing Wang & Jie Tang & Zhaoyang Li & Wei Yang & Ping Yang & Yunke Qu, 2020. "Corn and Rice Cultivation Affect Soil Organic and Inorganic Carbon Storage through Altering Soil Properties in Alkali Sodic Soils, Northeast of China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(4), pages 1-16, February.
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    6. Jian-Fu Xue & Ze-Wei Qi & Jin-Lei Chen & Wei-Hua Cui & Wen Lin & Zhi-Qiang Gao, 2023. "Dynamic of Soil Porosity and Water Content under Tillage during Summer Fallow in the Dryland Wheat Fields of the Loess Plateau in China," Land, MDPI, vol. 12(1), pages 1-14, January.
    7. Li, Baoru & Zhang, Xiying & Morita, Shigenori & Sekiya, Nobuhito & Araki, Hideki & Gu, Huijie & Han, Jie & Lu, Yang & Liu, Xiuwei, 2022. "Are crop deep roots always beneficial for combating drought: A review of root structure and function, regulation and phenotyping," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 271(C).
    8. Qing Zhao & Jie Tang & Zhaoyang Li & Wei Yang & Yucong Duan, 2018. "The Influence of Soil Physico-Chemical Properties and Enzyme Activities on Soil Quality of Saline-Alkali Agroecosystems in Western Jilin Province, China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(5), pages 1-15, May.
    9. Li, Yuyi & Zhai, Zhen & Cong, Ping & Zhang, Yitao & Pang, Huancheng & Dong, Guohao & Gao, Jiansheng, 2019. "Effect of plough pan thickness on crop growth parameters, nitrogen uptake and greenhouse gas (CO2 and N2O) emissions in a wheat-maize double-crop rotation in the Northern China Plain: A one-year study," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 213(C), pages 534-545.

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