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Changes in evapotranspiration over irrigated winter wheat and maize in North China Plain over three decades

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  • Zhang, Xiying
  • Chen, Suying
  • Sun, Hongyong
  • Shao, Liwei
  • Wang, Yanzhe

Abstract

Evapotranspiration (ET) is an important component of the water cycle at field, regional and global scales. This study used measured data from a 30-year irrigation experiment (1979-2009) in the North China Plain (NCP) on winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and summer maize (Zea mays L.) to analyze the impacts of climatic factors and crop yield on ET. The results showed that grass reference evapotranspiration (ETo, calculated by FAO Penmen-Monteith method) was relatively constant from 1979 to 2009. However, the actual seasonal ET of winter wheat and maize under well-watered condition gradually increased from the 1980s to the 2000s. The mean seasonal ET was 401.4 mm, 417.3 mm and 458.6 mm for winter wheat, and 375.7 mm, 381.1 mm and 396.2 mm for maize in 1980s, 1990s and 2000s, respectively. The crop coefficient (Kc) was not constant and changed with the yield of the crops. The seasonal average Kc of winter wheat was 0.75 in the 1980s, 0.81 in the 1990s and 0.85 in the 2000s, and the corresponding average grain yield (GY) was 4790 kg ha-1, 5501 kg ha-1 and 6685 kg ha-1. The average Kc of maize was 0.88 in the 1980s, 0.88 in the 1990s and 0.94 in the 2000s, with a GY of 5054 kg ha-1, 7041 kg ha-1 and 7874 kg ha-1, respectively, for the three decades. The increase in ET was not in proportion to the increase in GY, resulting improved water use efficiency (WUE). The increase in ET was possibly related to the increase in leaf stomatal conductance with renewing in cultivars. The less increase in water use with more increase in grain production could be partly attributed to the significant increase in harvest index. The results showed that with new cultivars and improved management practices it was possible to further increase grain production without much increase in water use.

Suggested Citation

  • Zhang, Xiying & Chen, Suying & Sun, Hongyong & Shao, Liwei & Wang, Yanzhe, 2011. "Changes in evapotranspiration over irrigated winter wheat and maize in North China Plain over three decades," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 98(6), pages 1097-1104, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:agiwat:v:98:y:2011:i:6:p:1097-1104
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Zhang, Xiying & Chen, Suying & Sun, Hongyong & Wang, Yanmei & Shao, Liwei, 2010. "Water use efficiency and associated traits in winter wheat cultivars in the North China Plain," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 97(8), pages 1117-1125, August.
    2. Turral, Hugh & Svendsen, Mark & Faures, Jean Marc, 2010. "Investing in irrigation: Reviewing the past and looking to the future," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 97(4), pages 551-560, April.
    3. Zwart, Sander J. & Bastiaanssen, Wim G. M., 2004. "Review of measured crop water productivity values for irrigated wheat, rice, cotton and maize," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 69(2), pages 115-133, September.
    4. Harmsen, Eric W. & Miller, Norman L. & Schlegel, Nicole J. & Gonzalez, J.E., 2009. "Seasonal climate change impacts on evapotranspiration, precipitation deficit and crop yield in Puerto Rico," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 96(7), pages 1085-1095, July.
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