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Response of ‘Hass’ avocado trees to irrigation management and root constraint

Author

Listed:
  • Silber, A.
  • Israeli, Y.
  • Levi, M.
  • Keinan, A.
  • Shapira, O.
  • Chudi, G.
  • Golan, A.
  • Noy, M.
  • Levkovitch, I.
  • Assouline, S.

Abstract

The performance of ‘Hass’ avocado trees grown in lysimeters under different irrigation regimes obtained by manipulating drip irrigation frequency and root volume was examined. The experimental design comprised six treatments (3×2) with three irrigation frequencies and two container volumes (100- and 200-L). The three irrigation frequencies were: pulsed irrigation (10–20min every 30min) throughout the day (Irg1), one daily irrigation event beginning at night and terminated in the morning every day (Irg2) and one irrigation event every two days (Irg3). Irrigation management induced significant differences in water availability in the root zone and subsequently, the diurnal and periodic water uptake. Water uptake of trees in the Irg1 treatment closely followed changes in the meteorological conditions (air temperature, pan evaporation and vapour pressure deficit) while that of trees in the Irg2 and Irg3 treatments was depressed by intermediate and severe water stress, respectively. The experimental treatments had little effect on the vegetative growth, flowering or fruit-set processes. However there were significant treatment differences on fruitlet abscission and accordingly, on fruit yield. Black spots initiated from the seed became apparent on some of the fruits at the beginning of June, and about two weeks later an intensive abscission of fruitlet begun that ended at the beginning of July. The abscission was more intense in the 100-L than the 200-L containers, in the following order: Irg3>Irg2≫Irg1 regardless of the container volume. Net CO2 assimilation during periods of fruit growth decreased in trees exposed to moderate or severe water stress (Irg2 and Irg3, respectively) and therefore, it is plausible that fruitlet abscission resulted from carbohydrate stress. Improvement of water and nutrient availability, especially in periods where the activity of the root system was weak as a result of low carbohydrate supply presumably played a dominant role in seeds or fruit function.

Suggested Citation

  • Silber, A. & Israeli, Y. & Levi, M. & Keinan, A. & Shapira, O. & Chudi, G. & Golan, A. & Noy, M. & Levkovitch, I. & Assouline, S., 2012. "Response of ‘Hass’ avocado trees to irrigation management and root constraint," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 104(C), pages 95-103.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:agiwat:v:104:y:2012:i:c:p:95-103
    DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2011.12.003
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Michelakis, N. & Vougioucalou, E. & Clapaki, G., 1993. "Water use, wetted soil volume, root distribution and yield of avocado under drip irrigation," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 24(2), pages 119-131, October.
    2. Salgado, E. & Cauti­n, R., 2008. "Avocado root distribution in fine and coarse-textured soils under drip and microsprinkler irrigation," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 95(7), pages 817-824, July.
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    1. Silber, A. & Naor, A. & Israeli, Y. & Assouline, S., 2013. "Combined effect of irrigation regime and fruit load on the patterns of trunk-diameter variation of ‘Hass’ avocado at different phenological periods," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 129(C), pages 87-94.
    2. Kourgialas, Nektarios N. & Dokou, Zoi, 2021. "Water management and salinity adaptation approaches of Avocado trees: A review for hot-summer Mediterranean climate," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 252(C).
    3. Nemera, Diriba Bane & Bar-Tal, Asher & Levy, Guy J. & Tarchitzky, Jorge & Rog, Ido & Klein, Tamir & Cohen, Shabtai, 2021. "Mitigating negative effects of long-term treated wastewater irrigation: Leaf gas exchange and water use efficiency response of avocado trees (Persea americana Mill.)," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 256(C).
    4. Moreno-Ortega, G. & Pliego, C. & Sarmiento, D. & Barceló, A. & Martínez-Ferri, E., 2019. "Yield and fruit quality of avocado trees under different regimes of water supply in the subtropical coast of Spain," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 221(C), pages 192-201.
    5. Silber, Avner & Israeli, Yair & Levi, Menashe & Keinan, Ami & Chudi, George & Golan, Avner & Noy, Michael & Levkovitch, Irit & Narkis, Kfir & Naor, Amos & Assouline, Shmuel, 2013. "The roles of fruit sink in the regulation of gas exchange and water uptake: A case study for avocado," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 116(C), pages 21-28.

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