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Water management and salinity adaptation approaches of Avocado trees: A review for hot-summer Mediterranean climate

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  • Kourgialas, Nektarios N.
  • Dokou, Zoi

Abstract

The production and consumption of avocado has increased significantly over the past years, experiencing a steady expansion into new markets around the world. This review paper focuses on avocado cultivation in its new markets with hot-summer Mediterranean climate. A significant literature gap exists on the viability of this crop in such data environments which experience limited availability of water in the summer exacerbated by climate change and potential salinity issues in irrigation water, typical in coastal regions. Strategies for handling salinity usually aim at preventing the build-up of salts in the root zone, while studies on the response of avocado trees to saline water have shown that it is highly influenced by rootstock selection. In this review paper priority is given to the appropriate irrigation water characteristics both in terms of quantity and quality for different tree sizes, soil characteristics and irrigation methods, including the use of reclaimed wastewater. Also, the effects of irrigation (frequency/amount) on fruit productivity are studied. This review also highlights the role of fertigation as well as the importance of a soil moisture and salinity monitoring. It is strongly suggested to use soil moisture sensor networks (precision agriculture) in avocado cultivations, to optimize irrigation management and promote water sustainability. Given the increasing dynamic in the expansion of this crop, especially in European countries with this climate type such as southern Italy, Spain, Greece, Turkey and Cyprus, among others, this review paper is expected to provide guidance on avocado cultivation in these regions with focus on its viability under water scarcity and salinity conditions.

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  • Kourgialas, Nektarios N. & Dokou, Zoi, 2021. "Water management and salinity adaptation approaches of Avocado trees: A review for hot-summer Mediterranean climate," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 252(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:agiwat:v:252:y:2021:i:c:s0378377421001888
    DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2021.106923
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    2. Ioannis K. Tsanis & Konstantinos D. Seiradakis & Sofia Sarchani & Ioanna S. Panagea & Dimitrios D. Alexakis & Aristeidis G. Koutroulis, 2021. "The Impact of Soil-Improving Cropping Practices on Erosion Rates: A Stakeholder-Oriented Field Experiment Assessment," Land, MDPI, vol. 10(9), pages 1-17, September.
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    4. Di Wu & Zhenning Xu & Seung Bach, 2023. "Using Google Trends to predict and forecast avocado sales," Journal of Marketing Analytics, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 11(4), pages 629-641, December.
    5. Belén Cárceles Rodríguez & Víctor Hugo Durán Zuazo & Dionisio Franco Tarifa & Simón Cuadros Tavira & Pedro Cermeño Sacristan & Iván Francisco García-Tejero, 2023. "Irrigation Alternatives for Avocado ( Persea americana Mill.) in the Mediterranean Subtropical Region in the Context of Climate Change: A Review," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 13(5), pages 1-27, May.
    6. Thiresia-Teresa Tzatzani & Georgios Psarras & Dario Scuderi & Emmanouil Kokolakis & Ioannis E. Papadakis, 2022. "Effect of Organic Fertilizers on Avocado Trees (Cvs. Fuerte, Hass, Lamb Hass) in Western Crete, a Cool Subtropical Region," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(19), pages 1-15, September.

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