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Effects of a suspended shade cloth cover on water quality of an agricultural reservoir for irrigation

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  • Maestre-Valero, J.F.
  • Martínez-Alvarez, V.
  • Gallego-Elvira, B.
  • Pittaway, P.

Abstract

Water availability and quality are two fundamental factors for agriculture in arid and semi-arid regions. This study evaluates the effects of a water-permeable, Suspended Shade Cloth Cover (SSCC), on the quality of water stored in an on-farm Agricultural Water Reservoir (AWR). Water quality (water temperature, electrical conductivity, chlorophyll-a concentration, dissolved oxygen concentration and water turbidity) and environmental (evaporation, rainfall, wind speed and solar radiation) parameters were measured over a 2-year period in a typical AWR located in south-eastern Spain. In the first year, the AWR remained uncovered and the behaviour was quasi-isothermal. In the second year, installing a SSCC induced a thermal gradient in the water that reached a maximum temperature difference of 12°C during summer. The lack of turbulence under the cover and the reduction in photosynthesis (95% reduction of chlorophyll-a) reduced the concentration of dissolved oxygen to 1.5mgL−1, and turbidity from 40NTU at installation to less than 1NTU. The positive balance between rainfall and evaporation during the second year reduced the electrical conductivity of the water by 8.2%. The improvement in water quality associated with the installation of a SSCC increases the efficiency of drip irrigation systems by reducing the water filtering requirements, the likelihood of emitter clogging, and the risk of irrigation-induced salinity.

Suggested Citation

  • Maestre-Valero, J.F. & Martínez-Alvarez, V. & Gallego-Elvira, B. & Pittaway, P., 2011. "Effects of a suspended shade cloth cover on water quality of an agricultural reservoir for irrigation," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 100(1), pages 70-75.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:agiwat:v:100:y:2011:i:1:p:70-75
    DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2011.08.020
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Ben-Gal, Alon & Ityel, Eviatar & Dudley, Lynn & Cohen, Shabtai & Yermiyahu, Uri & Presnov, Eugene & Zigmond, Leah & Shani, Uri, 2008. "Effect of irrigation water salinity on transpiration and on leaching requirements: A case study for bell peppers," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 95(5), pages 587-597, May.
    2. Martinez Alvarez, V. & González-Real, M.M. & Baille, A. & Maestre Valero, J.F. & Gallego Elvira, B., 2008. "Regional assessment of evaporation from agricultural irrigation reservoirs in a semiarid climate," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 95(9), pages 1056-1066, September.
    3. Martínez Alvarez, V. & Leyva, J. Calatrava & Maestre Valero, J.F. & Górriz, B. Martín, 2009. "Economic assessment of shade-cloth covers for agricultural irrigation reservoirs in a semi-arid climate," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 96(9), pages 1351-1359, September.
    4. Maestre-Valero, J.F. & Martínez-Alvarez, V., 2010. "Effects of drip irrigation systems on the recovery of dissolved oxygen from hypoxic water," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 97(11), pages 1806-1812, November.
    5. Brainwood, M. A. & Burgin, S. & Maheshwari, B., 2004. "Temporal variations in water quality of farm dams: impacts of land use and water sources," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 70(2), pages 151-175, November.
    6. Alvarez, V. Martinez & Baille, A. & Martinez, J.M. Molina & Gonzalez-Real, M.M., 2006. "Efficiency of shading materials in reducing evaporation from free water surfaces," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 84(3), pages 229-239, August.
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    1. Maestre-Valero, J.F. & Martínez-Alvarez, V. & Nicolas, E., 2013. "Physical, chemical and microbiological effects of suspended shade cloth covers on stored water for irrigation," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 118(C), pages 70-78.
    2. López-Felices, Belén & Aznar-Sánchez, Jose A. & Velasco-Muñoz, Juan F. & Mesa-Vázquez, Ernesto, 2023. "Examining the perceptions and behaviours of farmers regarding the installation of covers over irrigation ponds: Evidence from South-east Spain," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 275(C).
    3. Hao, Guochen & Han, Kewu & Shi, Kebin, 2023. "Effect of floating balls on evaporation inhibition, surface energy balance and biological water quality parameters at different coverage fractions," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 287(C).
    4. Han, Ke-Wu & Shi, Ke-Bin & Yan, Xin-Jun, 2020. "Evaporation loss and energy balance of agricultural reservoirs covered with counterweighted spheres in arid region," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 238(C).
    5. Exley, G. & Hernandez, R.R. & Page, T. & Chipps, M. & Gambro, S. & Hersey, M. & Lake, R. & Zoannou, K.-S. & Armstrong, A., 2021. "Scientific and stakeholder evidence-based assessment: Ecosystem response to floating solar photovoltaics and implications for sustainability," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 152(C).
    6. Carvajal, F. & Agüera, F. & Sánchez-Hermosilla, J., 2014. "Water balance in artificial on-farm agricultural water reservoirs for the irrigation of intensive greenhouse crops," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 131(C), pages 146-155.
    7. El Bilali, Ali & Taghi, Youssef & Briouel, Omar & Taleb, Abdeslam & Brouziyne, Youssef, 2022. "A framework based on high-resolution imagery datasets and MCS for forecasting evaporation loss from small reservoirs in groundwater-based agriculture," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 262(C).
    8. Ke-Wu Han & Ke-Bin Shi & Xin-Jun Yan & Yang-Yu Cheng, 2019. "Water Savings Efficiency of Counterweighted Spheres Covering a Plain Reservoir in an Arid Area," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 33(5), pages 1867-1880, March.
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