Evaluation and Ranking of Energy Alternatives for Implementation in Different Geographic Scenarios using Decision Methods: Case Study of Colombia

In this research, several crucial aspects have been explored in the evaluation and ranking of energy alternatives in Colombia using advanced decision methods such as TOPSIS and Diffuse TOPSIS. The study analyzed how these techniques allow to effectively compare different renewable energy sources in various regions of the country, highlighting the importance of considering multiple approaches due to the unique geographical and energy characteristics of each region. Specifically, five regions were evaluated: Caribbean 1 and 2, Pacific 1 and 2, Andean, Amazonian and Orinoquia, observing significant differences in the evaluation of technologies between the models. In the evaluation of energy sources for each region, the potential of photovoltaic solar energy in the Caribbean and Orinoquia regions was emphasized due to the high solar radiation, wind energy in the Caribbean and Pacific regions due to its strong winds, and biomass in the Amazon and Andean regions thanks to the abundance of organic resources. These technologies not only contribute to the reduction of carbon emissions and the diversification of the energy matrix, but also promote a just energy transition by generating employment and improving the quality of life in local communities. The TOPSIS method and its diffuse variant make it possible to weigh criteria with different degrees of importance and manage uncertainty in decision-making, resulting in more precise evaluations adapted to specific contexts. This type of research is vital for decision-making in the Colombian electricity sector, as it provides a solid and replicable methodology for evaluating energy alternatives in an integral way. The results not only contribute to environmental sustainability, but also boost the socio-economic development of the regions, fostering an equitable and fair energy transition.