IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eco/journ2/2020-01-58.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Crude Oil Option Market Parameters and Their Impact on the Cost of Hedging by Long Strap Strategy

Author

Listed:
  • Bartosz Lamasz

    (AGH University of Science and Technology, Poland.)

  • Natalia Iwaszczuk

    (AGH University of Science and Technology, Poland.)

Abstract

This study aims to examine the impact of selected market parameters of the European crude oil options on the hedging costs and break-even points (BEPs) in the Long Strap strategy. The paper analyses the impact of the following market parameters: volatility and the future price of crude oil, the strike price and time to expiration. The theoretical aspect consisted in using the Black model to calculate the value of the option price and the Long Strap strategy BEP in the condition of ever-changing market parameters. These calculations, by determining implied volatilities of the options, have been adapted to the actual data from the exchange market for the options on WTI futures contract. It was made possible owing to the QuikStrike platform made available by a CME Group exchange. To obtain information about the impact of volatility, time and price of futures on the costs of hedging and BEPs in the Long Strap strategy, the authors calculated the Greeks (delta, gamma, vega and theta) for the crude oil options. Having done that, not only could they determine the direction but also the power of impact that the parameters had on the final results in the Long Strap strategy.

Suggested Citation

  • Bartosz Lamasz & Natalia Iwaszczuk, 2020. "Crude Oil Option Market Parameters and Their Impact on the Cost of Hedging by Long Strap Strategy," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 10(1), pages 471-480.
  • Handle: RePEc:eco:journ2:2020-01-58
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.econjournals.com/index.php/ijeep/article/download/8613/4813
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://www.econjournals.com/index.php/ijeep/article/view/8613/4813
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Cunado, J. & Perez de Gracia, F., 2005. "Oil prices, economic activity and inflation: evidence for some Asian countries," The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 45(1), pages 65-83, February.
    2. Robert C. Merton, 2005. "Theory of rational option pricing," World Scientific Book Chapters, in: Sudipto Bhattacharya & George M Constantinides (ed.), Theory Of Valuation, chapter 8, pages 229-288, World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd..
    3. El Hedi Arouri, Mohamed & Jouini, Jamel & Nguyen, Duc Khuong, 2011. "Volatility spillovers between oil prices and stock sector returns: Implications for portfolio management," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 30(7), pages 1387-1405.
    4. Schwartz, Eduardo S, 1997. "The Stochastic Behavior of Commodity Prices: Implications for Valuation and Hedging," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 52(3), pages 923-973, July.
    5. Hamilton, James D., 2003. "What is an oil shock?," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 113(2), pages 363-398, April.
    6. Reem Khamis & Mohammad Anasweh & Allam Hamdan, 2018. "Oil Prices and Stock Market Returns in Oil Exporting Countries: Evidence from Saudi Arabia," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 8(3), pages 301-306.
    7. Chinnadurai Kathiravan & Murugesan Selvam & Balasundram Maniam & Sankaran Venkateswar, 2019. "Relationship between Crude Oil Price Changes and Airlines Stock Price: The Case of Indian Aviation Industry," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 9(5), pages 7-13.
    8. Bjerksund, Petter & Stensland, Gunnar, 1993. "Closed-form approximation of American options," Scandinavian Journal of Management, Elsevier, vol. 9(Supplemen), pages 87-99.
    9. Whaley, Robert E, 1986. "Valuation of American Futures Options: Theory and Empirical Tests," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 41(1), pages 127-150, March.
    10. Mosab I. Tabash & Samar H. Khan, 2018. "The Impact of Oil Price Volatility, Gross Domestic Product, Foreign Direct Investment on Islamic Banking Investments: An Empirical Evidence of The United Arab Emirates," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 8(5), pages 306-312.
    11. Sergey O. Chikunov & Vadim V. Ponkratov & Alexander A. Sokolov & Andrey S. Pozdnyaev & Irina V. Osinovskaya & Marina I. Ivleva, 2019. "Financial Risks of Russian Oil Companies in Conditions of Volatility of Global Oil Prices," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 9(3), pages 18-29.
    12. Barone-Adesi, Giovanni & Whaley, Robert E, 1987. "Efficient Analytic Approximation of American Option Values," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 42(2), pages 301-320, June.
    13. Black, Fischer & Scholes, Myron S, 1973. "The Pricing of Options and Corporate Liabilities," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 81(3), pages 637-654, May-June.
    14. Black, Fischer, 1976. "The pricing of commodity contracts," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 3(1-2), pages 167-179.
    15. Edelstein, Paul & Kilian, Lutz, 2009. "How sensitive are consumer expenditures to retail energy prices?," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 56(6), pages 766-779, September.
    16. Cox, John C. & Ross, Stephen A. & Rubinstein, Mark, 1979. "Option pricing: A simplified approach," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 7(3), pages 229-263, September.
    17. Jaehyung An & Alexey Mikhaylov & Nikita Moiseev, 2019. "Oil Price Predictors: Machine Learning Approach," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 9(5), pages 1-6.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Radosław Puka & Bartosz Łamasz & Marek Michalski, 2021. "Effectiveness of Artificial Neural Networks in Hedging against WTI Crude Oil Price Risk," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(11), pages 1-26, June.
    2. Natalia Iwaszczuk & Jacek Wolak & Aleksander Iwaszczuk, 2021. "Turkmenistan’s Gas Sector Development Scenarios Based on Econometric and SWOT Analysis," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(10), pages 1-18, May.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Mondher Bellalah, 2009. "Derivatives, Risk Management & Value," World Scientific Books, World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., number 7175, September.
    2. Weihan Li & Jin E. Zhang & Xinfeng Ruan & Pakorn Aschakulporn, 2024. "An empirical study on the early exercise premium of American options: Evidence from OEX and XEO options," Journal of Futures Markets, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 44(7), pages 1117-1153, July.
    3. Lim, Terence & Lo, Andrew W. & Merton, Robert C. & Scholes, Myron S., 2006. "The Derivatives Sourcebook," Foundations and Trends(R) in Finance, now publishers, vol. 1(5–6), pages 365-572, April.
    4. In oon Kim & Bong-Gyu Jang & Kyeong Tae Kim, 2013. "A simple iterative method for the valuation of American options," Quantitative Finance, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 13(6), pages 885-895, May.
    5. Suresh M. Sundaresan, 2000. "Continuous‐Time Methods in Finance: A Review and an Assessment," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 55(4), pages 1569-1622, August.
    6. Calum G. Turvey, 2006. "Managing food industry business and financial risks with commodity-linked credit instruments," Agribusiness, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 22(4), pages 523-545.
    7. David S. Bates, 1995. "Testing Option Pricing Models," NBER Working Papers 5129, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    8. Mark Broadie & Jérôme Detemple, 1996. "Recent Advances in Numerical Methods for Pricing Derivative Securities," CIRANO Working Papers 96s-17, CIRANO.
    9. George W. Kutner & David C. Porter & John G. Thatcher, 2001. "The Proposed Introduction Of Futures-Style Margining In The United States: An Australian Comparison," Journal of Financial Research, Southern Finance Association;Southwestern Finance Association, vol. 24(2), pages 239-259, June.
    10. Brown, C. A. & Taylor, S. D., 1997. "A test of the Asay model for pricing options on the SPI futures contract," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 5(5), pages 579-594, December.
    11. Carl Chiarella & Xue-Zhong He & Christina Sklibosios Nikitopoulos, 2015. "Derivative Security Pricing," Dynamic Modeling and Econometrics in Economics and Finance, Springer, edition 127, number 978-3-662-45906-5, March.
    12. Pakorn Aschakulporn & Jin E. Zhang, 2021. "New Zealand whole milk powder options," Accounting and Finance, Accounting and Finance Association of Australia and New Zealand, vol. 61(S1), pages 2201-2246, April.
    13. Hahn, Warren J. & DiLellio, James A. & Dyer, James S., 2018. "Risk premia in commodity price forecasts and their impact on valuation," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 72(C), pages 393-403.
    14. Bjork, Tomas, 2009. "Arbitrage Theory in Continuous Time," OUP Catalogue, Oxford University Press, edition 3, number 9780199574742.
    15. Tabesh, Hamid, 1987. "Hedging price risk to soybean producers with futures and options: a case study," ISU General Staff Papers 1987010108000010306, Iowa State University, Department of Economics.
    16. Back, Janis & Prokopczuk, Marcel & Rudolf, Markus, 2013. "Seasonality and the valuation of commodity options," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 37(2), pages 273-290.
    17. Björn Lutz, 2010. "Pricing of Derivatives on Mean-Reverting Assets," Lecture Notes in Economics and Mathematical Systems, Springer, number 978-3-642-02909-7, July.
    18. Lambrinoudakis, Costas & Skiadopoulos, George & Gkionis, Konstantinos, 2019. "Capital structure and financial flexibility: Expectations of future shocks," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 104(C), pages 1-18.
    19. Engstrom, Malin & Norden, Lars, 2000. "The early exercise premium in American put option prices," Journal of Multinational Financial Management, Elsevier, vol. 10(3-4), pages 461-479, December.
    20. Jérôme Detemple, 2014. "Optimal Exercise for Derivative Securities," Annual Review of Financial Economics, Annual Reviews, vol. 6(1), pages 459-487, December.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    commodity options; crude oil price risk; Long Strap option strategy;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • G13 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - Contingent Pricing; Futures Pricing
    • G32 - Financial Economics - - Corporate Finance and Governance - - - Financing Policy; Financial Risk and Risk Management; Capital and Ownership Structure; Value of Firms; Goodwill

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eco:journ2:2020-01-58. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Ilhan Ozturk (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.econjournals.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.