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Bilateral Relationship between Consumption and GDP in Mexico and the USA: A Comment

Author

Listed:
  • Gomez Zaldivar, M.
  • Ventosa-Santaularia, D.

Abstract

This article presents a critical appraisal of three different econometric techniques commonly employed to analyze causal relationships among economic series. Our results indicate that the empirical application of the Granger causality test, the Engle-Granger cointegration test and the Hausman test for causality performed with small samples suffers severe size distortions, and therefore that the results should be taken with caution. Furthermore, we show that these tests produce better results if the series are differentiated. Our results are applied to the series for consumption and GDP in Mexico and the US and suggest that these series are cointegrated in the case of the US only (causality and cointegration are different). We comment upon these results in relation to the conclusions of Guisan (2004), and other related studies, in which several methods are used to analyze the bilateral causality between consumption and GDP in Mexico and the US and where it was found that cointegration and Granger causality tests may fail to detect the true causal relationships.

Suggested Citation

  • Gomez Zaldivar, M. & Ventosa-Santaularia, D., 2009. "Bilateral Relationship between Consumption and GDP in Mexico and the USA: A Comment," Applied Econometrics and International Development, Euro-American Association of Economic Development, vol. 9(1).
    • Handle: RePEc:eaa:aeinde:v:9:y:2009:i:1_6
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Ventosa-Santaulària Daniel & Gómez-Zaldívar Manuel, 2011. "Testing for a Deterministic Trend When There is Evidence of Unit Root," Journal of Time Series Econometrics, De Gruyter, vol. 2(2), pages 1-26, January.
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    4. Antonio E. Noriega & Daniel Ventosa‐Santaulària, 2007. "Spurious Regression and Trending Variables," Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, Department of Economics, University of Oxford, vol. 69(3), pages 439-444, June.
    5. Phillips, P.C.B., 1986. "Understanding spurious regressions in econometrics," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 33(3), pages 311-340, December.
    6. Elliott, Graham & Rothenberg, Thomas J & Stock, James H, 1996. "Efficient Tests for an Autoregressive Unit Root," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 64(4), pages 813-836, July.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Granger causality test; cointegration; Mexico; the US; consumption and Gross Domestic Product;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • C5 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Econometric Modeling
    • C52 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Econometric Modeling - - - Model Evaluation, Validation, and Selection
    • E2 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Consumption, Saving, Production, Employment, and Investment
    • O51 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economywide Country Studies - - - U.S.; Canada
    • O57 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economywide Country Studies - - - Comparative Studies of Countries

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