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Expert Opinion and Bordeaux Wine Prices: An Attempt to Correct Biases in Subjective Judgments

Author

Listed:
  • Cardebat, Jean-Marie
  • Figuet, Jean-Marc
  • Paroissien, Emmanuel

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to assess the role of expert opinion on the pricing of Bordeaux wines. To this end, we compile an original dataset including (1) retail prices, (2) scores attributed to wines from France, Spain, and the United States by nine experts from 2000 to 2010, and (3) the meteorological conditions under which the grapes were produced. With this dataset, we aim to determine the presence of bias rooted in the subjectivity of the experts. We assume that the expert wine scores have two main components: (1) an objective one that is driven by the fundamentals of wine production (the quality of soil, producers' skills, and climate conditions) and (2) a subjective one that is determined by the individual opinion of the experts. We use control function techniques to compare the respective impacts of these two factors and find that prices are influenced more deeply by the fundamental quality of the wine than they are by the judge's subjectivity. Furthermore, we notice the great impact of “highest ratings” on pricing, which we interpret as a “marketing effect”: the most favorable score is likely to be the most publicized, which influences the price of the respective wine. (JEL Classifications: C21, D89, L15)

Suggested Citation

  • Cardebat, Jean-Marie & Figuet, Jean-Marc & Paroissien, Emmanuel, 2014. "Expert Opinion and Bordeaux Wine Prices: An Attempt to Correct Biases in Subjective Judgments," Journal of Wine Economics, Cambridge University Press, vol. 9(3), pages 282-303, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:cup:jwecon:v:9:y:2014:i:03:p:282-303_00
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Fabien Candau & Florent Deisting & Julie Schlick, 2017. "How Income and Crowding Effects Influence the World Market for French Wines," The World Economy, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 40(5), pages 963-977, May.
    2. Clarissa Laura Maria Spiess Bru, 2023. "Does the Tasting Note Matter? Language Categories and Their Impact on Professional Ratings and Prices," Working Papers Dissertations 105, Paderborn University, Faculty of Business Administration and Economics.
    3. Czupryna Marcin & Oleksy Paweł, 2018. "The Effect of an Electronic Exchange on Prices and Return Volatility in the Fine Wine Market," Financial Internet Quarterly (formerly e-Finanse), Sciendo, vol. 14(4), pages 22-35, December.
    4. Fabien Candau & Florent Deisting & Julie Schlick, 2017. "How Income and Crowding Effects Influence the World Market for French Wines," The World Economy, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 40(5), pages 963-977, May.
    5. Masset, Philippe & Weisskopf, Jean-Philippe & Cardebat, Jean-Marie & Faye, Benoît & Le Fur, Eric, 2021. "Analyzing the risks of an illiquid and global asset: The case of fine wine," The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 82(C), pages 1-25.
    6. Edward Oczkowski, 2016. "Analysing Firm-level Price Effects for Differentiated Products: The Case of Australian Wine Producers," Australian Economic Papers, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 55(1), pages 43-62, March.
    7. Adrian Fernandez-Perez & Bart Frijns & Alireza Tourani-Rad & Jean-Philippe Weisskopf, 2019. "Behavioural heterogeneity in wine investments," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 51(30), pages 3236-3255, June.
    8. Masset, Philippe & Weisskopf, Jean-Philippe & Faye, Benoît & Le Fur, Eric, 2016. "Red obsession: The ascent of fine wine in China," Emerging Markets Review, Elsevier, vol. 29(C), pages 200-225.
    9. B. Faye & E. Le Fur & S. Prat, 2015. "Dynamics of fine wine and asset prices: evidence from short- and long-run co-movements," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 47(29), pages 3059-3077, June.
    10. Oczkowski Edward, 2022. "Price Premiums and Discounts for Australian Sparkling Wines," Journal of Agricultural & Food Industrial Organization, De Gruyter, vol. 20(1), pages 25-38, May.
    11. Jacobo Núñez & David Martín‐Barroso & Francisco J. Velázquez, 2024. "The hedonic price model for the wine market: A systematic and comparative review of the literature," Agricultural Economics, International Association of Agricultural Economists, vol. 55(2), pages 247-264, March.
    12. Edward Oczkowski, 2019. "The relation between Australian wine show results and prices," Australian Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics, Australian Agricultural and Resource Economics Society, vol. 63(3), pages 389-411, July.
    13. Svetlana Ignjatijević & Jelena Vapa Tankosić & Nemanja Lekić & Duško Petrović & Sandra Brkanlić & Bojan Vapa & Vladimir Tomašević & Nikola Puvača & Radivoj Prodanović & Irena Milojević, 2022. "Agro-Environmental Practices and Business Performance in the Wine Sector," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 12(2), pages 1-21, February.
    14. Bao, Alex & Bontems, Philippe & Cardebat, Jean-Marie & Chiappini, Raphael, 2024. "Exporters’ behaviour in the face of climate volatility," TSE Working Papers 24-1552, Toulouse School of Economics (TSE).
    15. Victor Ginsburgh, 2016. "On Judging Art and Wine," Working Papers ECARES ECARES 2016-21, ULB -- Universite Libre de Bruxelles.
    16. Jean-Marie Cardebat & Paola Corsinovi & Davide Gaeta, 2018. "Do Top 100 wine lists provide consumers with better information?," Economics Bulletin, AccessEcon, vol. 38(2), pages 983-994.
    17. Liang, Jiaji & Hu, Wuyang, 2018. "Hedonic Price Analysis: A View of the Wine Industry in Kentucky," 2018 Annual Meeting, August 5-7, Washington, D.C. 274050, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association.
    18. Delmas, Magali A. & Gergaud, Olivier, 2021. "Sustainable practices and product quality: Is there value in eco-label certification? The case of wine," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 183(C).
    19. Emmanuel Paroissien & Michael Visser, 2020. "The Causal Impact of Medals on Wine Producers' Prices and the Gains from Participating in Contests," American Journal of Agricultural Economics, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 102(4), pages 1135-1153, August.
    20. Paroissien, Emmanuel, 2016. "Solving for a Bias in the Standardized Expert Wine Score," Working Papers 231132, American Association of Wine Economists.

    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • C21 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Single Equation Models; Single Variables - - - Cross-Sectional Models; Spatial Models; Treatment Effect Models
    • D89 - Microeconomics - - Information, Knowledge, and Uncertainty - - - Other
    • L15 - Industrial Organization - - Market Structure, Firm Strategy, and Market Performance - - - Information and Product Quality

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