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Wage Determination by Gender and Visible Minority Status: Evidence from the 1989 LMAS

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  • Louis N. Christofides
  • Robert Swidinsky

Abstract

The 1989 Labour Market Activity Survey (LMAS) is used to examine the wage implications of membership in groups distinguished by gender and visible minority status. White men, minority men, white women and minority women earn an average hourly wage of $14.73, $12.48, $11.33 and $10.97, respectively. We examine whether these rates and their pair-wise differences can be explained by productivity-related characteristics, and conclude that less then 30 percent of the offered wage differentials between white males-minority females, white males-white females and white males-minority males can be attributed to productivity-related factors. We also conclude that virtually none of the differentials between minority males-white females and white females-minority females can be explained by productivity factors. Approximately 11 percent of the wage differential between minority males and minority females is due to differences in productivity characteristics.

Suggested Citation

  • Louis N. Christofides & Robert Swidinsky, 1994. "Wage Determination by Gender and Visible Minority Status: Evidence from the 1989 LMAS," Canadian Public Policy, University of Toronto Press, vol. 20(1), pages 34-51, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:cpp:issued:v:20:y:1994:i:1:p:34-51
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    Cited by:

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    2. Ross Finnie & Ted Wannell, 2004. "Evolution of the gender earnings gap among Canadian university graduates," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 36(17), pages 1967-1978.
    3. Benoit Dostie & Mohsen Javdani, 2020. "Immigrants and Workplace Training: Evidence from Canadian Linked Employer–Employee Data," Industrial Relations: A Journal of Economy and Society, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 59(2), pages 275-315, April.
    4. Krishna Pendakur & Ravi Pendakur, 2015. "The Colour of Money Redux: Immigrant/Ethnic Earnings Disparity in Canada 1991– 2006," Discussion Papers dp15-13, Department of Economics, Simon Fraser University.
    5. Ron Robert Branker, 2017. "Labour Market Discrimination: the Lived Experiences of English-Speaking Caribbean Immigrants in Toronto," Journal of International Migration and Integration, Springer, vol. 18(1), pages 203-222, February.
    6. Joanne D. Leck, 2002. "Making Employment Equity Programs Work for Women," Canadian Public Policy, University of Toronto Press, vol. 28(s1), pages 85-100, May.
    7. Anil Verma & Jeffrey G. Reitz & Rupa Banerjee, 2016. "Unionization and Income Growth of Racial Minority Immigrants in Canada: A Longitudinal Study," International Migration Review, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 50(3), pages 667-698, September.
    8. Dmitry Kabrelyan, 2000. "A Comparison of the Earnings of Immigrants in Canada, United States, Australia and Germany," LIS Working papers 241, LIS Cross-National Data Center in Luxembourg.
    9. Hung‐Hao Chang & David R. Just, 2009. "Internet Access and Farm Household Income – Empirical Evidence using a Semi‐parametric Assessment in Taiwan," Journal of Agricultural Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 60(2), pages 348-366, June.
    10. Wannell, Ted & Finnie, Ross, 2004. "L'evolution de l'ecart des gains entre les sexes chez les diplomes des universites canadiennes," Direction des études analytiques : documents de recherche 2004235f, Statistics Canada, Direction des études analytiques.
    11. Schafgans, Marcia M. A. & Stelcnery, Morton, 2006. "Selectivity and the gender wage gap decomposition in the presence of a joint decision process," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 6809, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
    12. Coulombe, Simon & Frenette, Marc, 2007. "Has Higher Education Among Young Women Substantially Reduced the Gender Gap in Employment and Earnings?," Analytical Studies Branch Research Paper Series 2007301e, Statistics Canada, Analytical Studies Branch.

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