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Schafft Bildung sozialen Zusammenhalt?

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Listed:
  • Petra Völkerer
  • Petra Sauer

Abstract

Im Artikel wird der Frage nachgegangen, inwieweit die Art und Weise, wie der Zugang zu Bildung in einer Gesellschaft verteilt ist, den sozialen Zusammenhalt beeinflusst, d. h. ihn stärken oder schwächen kann. Schulsysteme, welche bestehende, ungleiche soziale Strukturen verfestigen, führen zu geringer Verteilungsgerechtigkeit, höherer Armut und somit zu geringem sozialem Zusammenhalt in der Gesellschaft. Hingegen stärken egalitäre Schulsysteme, welche sowohl Ausgangs- als auch Ergebnisgerechtigkeit gewährleisten, den sozialen Zusammenhalt, indem sie die Gleichmäßigkeit der Verteilung fördern und Armut reduzieren. Als Maß für die Gerechtigkeit eines Schulsystems dient die Verteilung von Bildung innerhalb der Gesellschaft. Ein elitäres Schulsystem ist durch viele Pflichtschul- und wenige Tertiärabschlüsse gekennzeichnet, was bedeutet, dass der Zugang zu hoher Bildung einigen wenigen Gesellschaftsmitgliedern vorbehalten ist. Hingegen deutet eine eher gleichmäßige Verteilung auf die unterschiedlichen Bildungsniveaus auf ein gerechteres, egalitäres Schulsystem, da dies darauf hinweist, dass jeder und jede über die gleichen Möglichkeiten im Zuge seiner/ihrer Schullaufbahn verfügt bzw. bestehende Ausgangsunterschiede (d. h. Ergebnisgerechtigkeit) sogar ausgeglichen werden. Die empirische Analyse der Fragestellung erfolgt in zwei Teilen. Zuerst wird jeweils die Verteilung der Bildung innerhalb der Bevölkerung von 22 europäischen Volkswirtschaften betrachtet. Aufgrund der Anteile an Personen mit Pflichtschul-, Sekundar- oder Tertiärabschlüssen erfolgt eine Klassifikation der Bildungsstrukturen in egalitäre und elitäre Systeme. Zudem zerlegen wir die Personenkreise in den einzelnen Bildungsniveaus nach Alter, nach Geschlecht, nach der Bildung der Eltern und nach dem Haushaltstyp. Im zweiten Teil werden die erlangten Ergebnisse der Klassifikation in Beziehung mit den Indikatoren des sozialen Zusammenhalts (z. B. Armutsgefährdungsrisiko, Einkommensverteilung, Grad der Umverteilung, Arbeitslosenquoten, politische Partizipation, soziale Dienstleistungen wie etwa Kinderbetreuungsquoten etc.) gesetzt, um zu untersuchen, in welcher Art und Weise einander Bildung und das zentrale Element einer Demokratie bedingen.

Suggested Citation

  • Petra Völkerer & Petra Sauer, 2010. "Schafft Bildung sozialen Zusammenhalt?," Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft - WuG, Kammer für Arbeiter und Angestellte für Wien, Abteilung Wirtschaftswissenschaft und Statistik, vol. 36(1), pages 53-78.
    • Handle: RePEc:clr:wugarc:y:2010v:36i:1p:53
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