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Ricardo – gestern und heute

Author

Listed:
  • Gabriel Felbermayr
  • Benjamin Jung
  • Wilhelm Kohler
  • Philipp Harms
  • Jakob Schwab

Abstract

Vor 200 Jahren hat einer der Gründungsväter der modernen Volkswirtschaftslehre, David Ricardo, in seinem Buch Principles of Political Economy and Taxation die Theorie der komparativen Vorteile vorgestellt. Vom Abbau von Handelsbarrieren profitieren alle Länder, sogar die, die im Vergleich zu ihren Partnern absolute Produktivitätsnachteile haben. Ricardos Erkenntnis bildet die intellektuelle Grundlage für die graduelle Marktöffnung, die seit dem Zweiten Weltkrieg große Wohlstandsgewinne gebracht hat. Heute aber scheinen die Lehren Ricardos vergessen zu sein. Gabriel Felbermayr, ifo Institut und Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, verweist darauf, dass die globale Verfügbarkeit von Technologien das klassische ricardianische Motiv für Handel – die Spezialisierung auf Sektoren, bei denen komparative technologische Produktivitätsvorteile vorliegen – zunehmend zunichtemacht. Andere Treiber des Handels seien wichtiger: Produktdifferenzierung und die Ausbeutung von Größenvorteilen in der Produktion. Benjamin Jung, Universität Hohenheim, und Wilhelm Kohler, Universität Tübingen, führen aus, dass David Ricardo einen weiteren großen Beitrag zur Geschichte der Ökonomie geleistet hat: das sogenannte »Ricardianische System«, das er in seinem 1815 erschienenen Essay on Profits entwickelt habe und in dem es um Einkommensverteilung und Wachstum gehe. Philipp Harms, Universität Mainz, und Jakob Schwab, Deutsches Institut für Entwicklungspolitik, Bonn, stellen die Ergebnisse einer internationalen Umfrage zur Einschätzung der ökonomischen Globalisierung vor, die in zwei Wellen, 2003 und 2013, durchgeführt wurde. Die Unterschiede in der Ablehnung von Freihandel und multinationalen Unternehmen potenziellen »Globalisierungsverlierern« und potenziellen »Globalisierungsgewinnern« scheinen demnach zwischen 2003 und 2013 eher ab- als zugenommen zu haben.

Suggested Citation

  • Gabriel Felbermayr & Benjamin Jung & Wilhelm Kohler & Philipp Harms & Jakob Schwab, 2017. "Ricardo – gestern und heute," ifo Schnelldienst, ifo Institute - Leibniz Institute for Economic Research at the University of Munich, vol. 70(09), pages 03-18, May.
  • Handle: RePEc:ces:ifosdt:v:70:y:2017:i:09:p:03-18
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Martin Braml & Gabriel Felbermayr & Wolfgang Weiß & Fritz Breuss & Christoph Scherrer & Christoph Herrmann & Caroline Glöckle & Benjamin Jung & Tim Krieger & Laura Renner & Bernd Lange, 2018. "Handelskrieg und seine Folgen: Ist die WTO am Ende?," ifo Schnelldienst, ifo Institute - Leibniz Institute for Economic Research at the University of Munich, vol. 71(11), pages 03-29, June.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Komparativer Vorteil; Handelshemmnisse; Produktivität; Technischer Fortschritt; Innovationsdiffusion; Arbeitsteilung; Wirkungsanalyse; Außenhandel; Außenhandelsgewinn; Einkommensverteilung; Wirtschaftswachstum; Globalisierung; Freihandel; Multinationales Unternehmen; Ricardo; David;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • D31 - Microeconomics - - Distribution - - - Personal Income and Wealth Distribution
    • F43 - International Economics - - Macroeconomic Aspects of International Trade and Finance - - - Economic Growth of Open Economies
    • O30 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Innovation; Research and Development; Technological Change; Intellectual Property Rights - - - General

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